Статьи журнала - Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология
Все статьи: 3450
Print vs digital: "каннибализм" или сотрудничество
Статья научная
Рассматриваются последствия расширения присутствия глянцевых журналов на digital-платформах на примере издательского дома «CondeNast». Информационной базой исследования являются десять экспертных интервью с сотрудниками редакций и коммерческих отделов журналов издательского дома, собранных в мае 2016 г. Делаются выводы относительно организационных изменений, связанных с выходом на электронные платформы в период кризиса. В частности, обращается внимание на то, что многие сотрудники одновременно решают задачи, связанные как с выпуском печатной версии журналов, так и с наполнением контентом и рекламой digital-версий журнала. Подчеркивается, что развитие онлайн-платформ не приводит к потере рекламодателей печатными журналами ввиду того, что на выбор между рекламой в печати или в электронной версии журнала влияет в первую очередь специфика бренда и ценовая политика журналов издательского дома. Потери читательской аудитории бумажными журналами в результате расширения присутствия в Интернете также относительно невелики.
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Probing the boundaries: language exploration in contemporary Chinese poetry
Статья научная
The paper focuses on describing different language techniques exploited in contemporary Chinese poetry of both “intellectual” (zhishifenzi) and “popular” (minjian) camps. Six works are analyzed in-depth to show the textual mechanics behind contemporary poets’ paratexts and their linguistic exploration. Both the “intellectuals” and “popular” poets share a vision of poetic text as a “sublimation” of the ordinary, however in actual practice they rely on the notion of a deviant textual substance that constitutes the very core of the poetic. Their pursuit for metalinguistic reflection leads contemporary poets to a fusion type of text blending the linguistic phenomena of traditional Chinese verse and Western modernism’s linguistic experimentation. They borrow traditional techniques such as parallelism, elliptical constructions, and nontrivial semantic links created through language phonographics to create connections with classical images and the tradition of 20th century Chinese “new poetry” while simultaneously accommodating Western ideas about language.
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Restudy on the functions of the bow-shaped objects
Статья научная
This paper discuss the functions of the bow-shaped objects recovered in Yin and Zhou dynasty remains in China, and in Karasuk culture in South Siberia in Russia. These bow-shaped objects are ambiguous to both Chinese and Russian researchers in terms of their morphology and functions, thus having been on the hot debate for a long time. One of the main hypotheses of these implements refers to «rein holder» for the charioteers or riders to free their hands. If this hypothesis explains the only function of the bow-shaped implements, they must be only related to the charioteers or riders, since only the charioteers and riders control the reins when riding. However, some findings are not in accord with the hypothesis, which are presented in this paper. In Dasikong M175 burial of Yinxu site, two bow-shaped objects were found in the tomb with only one single-rider chariot. The extra bow-shaped object obviously did not serve for the same function to the only charioteer at the same time. Moreover, there are also some tombs discovered with even more bow-shaped objects in groups. Specimens in the same group are of the same size, shape and pattern, which are considered as applied for one specific chariot. Therefore, these bow-shaped objects are not only related to the charioteers or riders, but also to the passengers. We supposed that the bow-shaped implement serves as «safety belt» for both charioteer and passengers on the chariot, for the safety purpose when in motion. Of course, the bow-shaped implement also may be used as «rein holders» at the same time.
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Review of ‘The Satan's shoes’ by Yahya al-Shaar
Рецензия
The first novel by the Arabic-speaking author J. Shaar, analyzing modern social problems, including the religious life of a well-known Muslim community (ummah), was analyzed using the method of evolutionary epistemology due to the enormity of the task and the huge time distance in predicting its development in the future. The results of the analysis indicate that the author sees the solution to the evolutionary problem of Islam in the gradual development of heroic forms of consciousness into religious ones with the expansion of corporate ties between individuals. One of the main directions in the development of such ties is, according to the text, the readiness of the protagonist, a teenager 13-14 years old, for self-sacrifice and love. Forms of scientific consciousness are also widely represented in the dialogues of the protagonist with older comrades who help in the formation of his worldview, but the hero's aspirations within the framework of religion with broader, non-regional connections are existentially possible.
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Some effective methods of testing language competence
Статья научная
This study investigated the underlying structure of language ability in relation to the levels of language proficiency and test methods. Teaching and testing are theoretically and practically interrelated. Theoretically, they have been influenced by the principles of linguistics, psychology and other language related fields. Practically, they are complementary because both aim at optimizing the efficiency of education. The main purpose of this study has been to investigate the factors which influence of the language testes in order to avoid errors of final estimation of their proficiency.
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Studying the image of China in the online media of Tajikistan
Статья научная
The image of a country is intangible assets which compose an important part of its soft power. As its economy has been in an unprecedented rapid development during recent years, China in the international arena has attracted more attentions, and because of its fast economic development, China''s influence on the world is growing. However, existing research results have indicated that China''s national image is not directly proportional to its enhancing strength, which is inevitably confusing. With the acceleration of international economic globalization, the increasingly active exchanges between countries make the role of national image more and more important in international communication. In the last phase of the 20th century, the network media bring huge influence upon sovereign countries. As a rising star Chinese gradually focus to the network media, which provides a better platform for the research of China''s image. Computer network provides a new channel to access to information, which has made a huge audience of 1.5 billion people currently in the. In China more than 700 million people often visit the Internet. On the Internet media more than 90 % of the information comes from developed countries while Chinese information accounts for only around l %. In this paper that the authors carry on a preliminary analysis of China''s national image in Tajikistan network media as an example, which aims to provide some reference basis for promoting China''s active participation in international affairs. National image is the highlight of a country’s overall strength on the world stage. Today online media''s influence is growing steadily, and information dissemination updates more rapidly, and even more open. This article analysis China’s image in Tajikistan network media for the purpose of advancing good-neighbor relationship between the two countries. The authors put forward the following opinions on establishment of China''s image in Tajikistan: (1) It is suggested that China should pay attention to build a image of great power with increasing comprehensive strength, playing a more and more important role in international affairs, maintaining the world peace, being responsible anywhere and anytime. (2) The Chinese government should aim to improve its transparency, and release information to the public timely and accurately, making it know national political events. (3) Show an honest and upright government image of justice. (4) It is also needed to strengthen the cooperation with other countries, and establish a mutually beneficial pattern in order to improve the understanding and support of other countries to China''s economic development. (5) Broaden the channels for understanding the cultural world of China. From the network media, it is easy to find that impression of China in Tajikistan derived mostly from its long history, ancient civilization, and rich traditional culture besides the fast economic growth. Foreign spread media should also make a modest increase in the program number and content of the current political affairs, broadcasting out China''s new information through their own mouth, in order to avoid China’s image be disjointed from the reality of the situation.
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The 2018 work summaries of Confucius institute at Novosibirsk State University
Статья научная
Confucius Institute at Novosibirsk State University was founded as a Confucius Classroom in 2008. Its Chinese partner is Xinjiang University. Under the wise leadership of Office of Chinese Language Council International, Sino-Russia both sides have pressed ahead with their sincere cooperation. Confucius Institute focused on improving the quality and efficiency and made pleasant progress on Chinese teaching, local Chinese teacher training, holding Chinese cultural activities and Sino-Russian cooperation, which inspired local people to study Chinese and learn Chinese culture. Through 10 years’ hardworking Confucius Classroom was updated to Confucius Institute. There are 12 universities and schools in Novosibirsk, Barnaul and Gorno-Altaisk take active part in the project, it was above 1800 students, who studied Chinese with the teachers of NSU Confucius Classroom in 2018; the courses 21 students received scholarships awarded by Confucius Institute. The important events in 2018 include: successful training program for more than 60 local teachers of Chinese in January; Chinese Lantern Festival Gala in February; 1st prize at the “Chinese Bridge” national student competition and a set of cultural activities conducted with visiting NSU by Xinjiang University students in April; Chinese Summer Camp program at Dalian Foreign Languages University for 38 students in July; Confucius Institute Day and scientific and practical conference “The Cultural Heritage at the Silk Road Routes” in September; 5th Regional students competition in Chinese films’ dubbing in October; Novosibirsk region’s educational principals and administrators’ visit to Harbin in November. Besides, local libraries and museums also initiated CI for joint events for introduction Chinese culture repeatedly. Also we invited some famous professors from other Russian universities to deliver lecturers for NSU students or teachers and in cooperation with Xi’an Jiaotoung University conducted the Special training for Silk Road engineering and technological development sponsored by the UNESCO IKCEST.
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The 2022 work summaries of the Confucius Institute at Novosibirsk State University
Отчет
In 2022, the Confucius Institute at Novosibirsk State University withstood the test of the pandemic. With the full support of Novosibirsk State University and Xinjiang University, it actively continued to carry out Chinese teaching and various cultural and scientific research activities, while the scope of influence extended to Siberia, the Urals and Altai regions, and the work of the year was completed with high quality and efficiency. During this year, under the leadership of the Chinese and Russian directors, all staff of the Confucius Institute worked tirelessly to build digital Chinese teaching resources, enriching the diversity of cultural activities, enhancing the influence of competitions and academic activities, vigorously cultivating Chinese talents, and creating outstanding talents. Remarkable results have been achieved. In the new year, the Institute will continue to work hard in all work-related aspects, firmly grasp new development opportunities, and promote the rapid recovery of inter-university exchanges and cooperation between China and Russia and achieve new and greater development.
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The anatomy of schin-gunto: exploring tachi style swords in imperial Japaneese army
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of military swords in Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in 1930-1940s. The point of the author's interest is tachi styled shin-gunto sword for military Japanese officers. These swords were set as the main type of IJA officers side-arms in 1934 (Type 94) and renewed in 1938 (Type 98). Contrary to official descriptions and documents, there were serious differences in swords, including several types of blades, different dimensions etc. One of the most interesting facts described in the article is using of traditional samurai blades in regular schin-gunto mounts. The author gives here a description of two schin-gunto Type 98 examples, providing researchers with new information.
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Статья научная
This paper explores the development of the Russian cotton industry and export of its cotton fabrics in the first half of the 19th century. At a time when religion and ethnicity were a key basis for people, communication naturally proceeded between groups which shared religion and ethnicity and so Asian merchants assumed the trade between Russia and Asia between the 18th - 19th centuries. This was a commercial base for Asian merchants, operating businesses across borders. As Russia increased its trade with Asian regions, it used the commercial network of Asian merchants in neighboring countries. After power sources in Russia's cotton industry shifted from natural energy and animal power to fossil fuels, faster transportation was realized on a larger scale. This trend of transformation radically changed Russia's trade with Asia and heavily influenced the commercial network of Asian merchants.
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Статья научная
The paper is devoted to the study of how commercial networks of Bukharan and Chinese merchants were used for the export of Russian cotton fabrics in the first half of the 19th century. Bukharan merchants dominated the central core of Silk Road trade in Central Asia, and developed the trade with not only Russia, but also Eurasian countries including China and India. Shanxi merchants built close relations with the Chinese government and established the commercial and financial system in their own country. Asian trade was carried out in harmony with natural environments. Many regions in Eurasia belonged to the steppes, and this ecological system was suitable for livestock farming including camels, horses and mules, used as a means of transportation. However this trade system of one year cycles could not adapt to the subsequent periods of innovation when the steam engine and fossil fuels were introduced in the field of production, and when mass production was realized.
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The first conference of European association for Asian art and archaeology (September 25-27, 2014)
Статья научная
The information is dedicated to the First Conference of the European Association for the Study of the Art and Archeology of Asia (EAAA), held from 25 to 27 September 2014 at the University. Palacky (Olomouc, Czech Republic). About 100 people took part in the conference, 60 reports were made within 10 sections, among which three reports were made by employees of the Department of Oriental Studies of the Humanities Faculty of Novosibirsk State University. The opening of the conference was marked by a speech by Roderick Whitfield, Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (School of Oriental and African Studies, SOAS). Of particular interest to the staff of the department were the Sinological, Japanese and Korean Studies sections, in the course of which a wide range of issues was considered, starting with the burials of the Neolithic era and ending with new approaches to the classification of objects of Asian lacquer art. During the conference, the third meeting of the EAAA Board was held, which was founded in November 2012 at the University of Ljubljana (Slovenia). The next meeting is scheduled for spring 2016 and, according to preliminary data, will be held in Zurich (Switzerland).
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The gradual softening of the Philippines’ hedging strategy towards China under president Duterte
Статья научная
Under President Rodrigo Duterte, in office since 2016, the Philippines’ traditional hedging strategy towards China gradually softens. Due to Chinese investments as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) the relations have become closer, while security relations with the United States remain strained. The ongoing territorial dispute in the South China Sea and the negative perceptions of the Philippine citizens on China, however, serve as a corrective for strong bandwagoning with China.
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The history of formation of the Japanese collection in the National Library of Russia
Статья научная
The article introduces the history of the formation of the Japanese collection in the National Library of Russia. Materials in Japanese are available in various departments of the library; the article focuses on the largest collection of materials in Japanese, namely the Japanese collection of the Department of Asian and African Countries Literature (DAACL). An attempt is made to briefly present two topics: firstly, the history of the Japanese collection and the department, and secondly, the history and sources of the acquisition and formation of the Japanese fund. Therefore, the article is divided into two sections. In both sections, the history of the DAACL and the topic of international book exchange in the library are closely interconnected with the main topic of the article, the formation of the Japanese collection. The author also emphasizes the difficulties, negative factors and challenges faced by the fund and the library, not to underestimate the role of the Japanese collection of NLR, but to show what solutions were found throughout its history.
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Статья научная
With the development of China’s economy and the growing demand for the extension of intercultural communication, ”Chinese international education (Chinese as a foreign language)“ major has been developing rapidly. A lot of colleges and universities have made extensive researches on the syllabus and training scheme, curriculum setting and teaching execution planning, and have basically built a scientific and systematic training mode, which is being constantly improved. But the development of international promotion of teaching and learning Chinese language and getting teaching feedback have evidentiated the great importance of students’ practice-teaching overseas for their studying and working in the future. The overseas teaching experience during the period of study will become an efficient way to develop Chinese international education and promote the professional growth of students.
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The migrations of the Oghuz in the medieval period: causes, directions and consequences
Статья научная
Introduction. In the 10th - 11th centuries, the process of formation of the Oghuz tribes was underway in Central Asia. It was accompanied by the disintegration of kinship ties and the emergence of statehood. A new type of ethnic community was being formed, based on territorial and economic ties. The formation of the Oghuz Yabgu State with its political center in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya (river in the territory of modern Kazakhstan) played an important role in this process. The paper analyzes the preconditions and peculiarities of the Oghuz tribes’ westward migration. In addition, a comparative analysis of its economic and political consequences is carried out. Results. The Oghuz State, like many other nomadic empires, was not monolithic and its borders were not permanent and strictly defined. As a result of the extended social conflict, the Syr Darian Yabgu State collapsed and did not withstand the attack of the neighboring Kipchak tribes in the middle of the 11th century. This caused a new migration wave directed westward. Conclusion. As a result of the Oguz migration to the Westward there have been changes in the geopolitical and ethnoterritorial characteristics of Western Asia and Asia Minor regions. Oguz migration has become an integral organism of cultural and economic values. The political and ethnic traces of these changes can still be seen today.
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Статья научная
On November 14, 2015 Confucius Classroom at Novosibirsk State University (NSU) held the first Chinese movie-dubbing contest for university students of the Siberian region. 13 teams form NSU, Novosibirsk State Normal University (NSNU), Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU), Siberian Institute of Management - branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (SIM), Tomsk State University (TSU) and Altai State University (ASU) took part in the contest. The contest was divided into two parts. In the first part competitors needed to dub the designated movie clip that had been chosen in advance from the romantic comedy directed by Feng Xiaogang “Be There or Be Square”. The second part was to dub self-selected movie clips. Each team had selected its own clip and dubbed it in live performance. The teams from NSU dubbed the clips from “Under the Hawthorn Tree” (directed by Zhang Yimou), “Confucius” (directed by Hu Mei) and “Love Is Not Blind” (directed by Teng Huatao). TSU team had selected a clip from the comedy “Lost in Thailand” (directed by Xu Zheng). The team from SIM performed the dubbing of a clip from the comedy-drama film “Go away, Mr. Tumor” (directed by Han Yan). The teams from NSNU dubbed clips from “Fight Back to School” (directed by Gordon Chan), “New Age of Love” (directed by Zhang Xiaoguang), “Pure Red Heart” (directed by Ye Daying) and “The Stolen Years” (directed by Wong Chunchun). ASU teams had selected clips from the movies “Monster Hunt” (directed by Raman Hui) and “Lost in Thailand” (directed by Xu Zheng). The team from NSTU had chosen a clip from the cartoon “The Bench”. All the competitors demonstrated vivid performances and high level of Chinese language skills, but a special mention must be made of the emotional performance of the TSU team that earned a lot of applause. In order to ease the tension of the competition, teachers of Confucius Classroom presented wonderful performance. Zhao Yuan and Dmitry Khlichkin, the hosts of the contest, dubbed a clip from the Soviet movie “Office Romance” (directed by Eldar Ryazanov) in Chinese. Bai Miao, Chinese volunteer teacher, played the guzheng classical “Fisherman's Song”. The first prize of the contest went to one of the NSU teams. The teams from TSU and SIM shared the second prize, while the third prize was shared between ASU and NSU teams. Angelina Krylova from SIM, Lilia Kizilova from TSU and Alexandra Pozhidaeva from NSTU won special awards for the best pronunciation, the best artistic impression and the best potential, respectively. After the contest most of the teachers and students expressed a belief that such competitions could not only improve the speaking ability, but also stimulate the enthusiasm for further studying the Chinese language and culture. The contest renewed and enriched the forms of learning Chinese. The atmosphere of professional contest and the wonderful talent show were well received and aroused a great interest. This contest was reported on Hanban, NSU and Xinjiang University news websites. Confucius Classroom at NSU plans to hold the second Chinese movie-dubbing contest on October 22, 2016.
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The overview of a hundred years’ development of Xinjiang national minorities press
Статья научная
The paper discusses the historical development of the national minorities’ press in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China from the establishing of the first newspaper in Xinjiang, “Yili Vernacular Newspaper” (“Yili Baihua Bao”), which was published in four languages (Chinese, Uyghur, Mongolian and Manchu), in 1910 up until present moment. The process of forming and development of the press in national languages of Xinjiang minorities can be divided into two big stages. The first stage is the period of establishing of newspapers in local languages; it lasted from 1910 till the establishing of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Materials published during this period were devoted mainly to educational and political problems. Newspapers began to be a factor of political propaganda. The second stage covers the period from the establishing of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 till nowadays. Since new China was founded, and especially after the “Reform and Opening-up”, the press in national minorities’ languages of Xinjiang has developed into a diversified multilanguage multilevel professional system with the Communist Party newspapers as the core. The new phenomenon that occurred during 1950-1960s was the establishing of specialized periodicals for different age groups and professional groups. All the print media were mostly dedicated to the propaganda of the Communist Party’s policy, significant political events, economic reforms, etc. At the same time, the quality of literary works published in newspapers’ supplements was increasing steadily. The Cultural Revolution significantly affected press’ activity; its information function was weakened and gave place to political propaganda. During the 1980-1990s substantial changes in the content and technical proficiency took place. At the present time, the number of newspapers published in five languages of Xinjiang national minorities has reached 52, including 34 in Uyghur language, 12 in Kazakh language, 3 in Mongolian language, 2 in Kyrgyz language and 1 in Xibe language.
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The role of elite subcultures in the preservation of traditional culture and art of medieval Korea
Статья научная
This article, based on the philosophical-sociological approach to the consideration of traditional culture and on the theory of sociocultural stratification declares that a complex, multilayered structure of society provides an appropriate protection to the national culture and through it, to national art. The Korean aristocratic society guided by Confucian standards and patterns since ancient times was predisposed to create the certain range of elite subcultures (munin, hwawon, neoconfucian philosophers and intellectuals), similar to each other, preset to reproduce and translate the values created in mainstream Chinese culture and to form its own specific directions, genres and styles through medieval times. Modernization and westernization that began at the end of the 19th century with its new challenges and objectives contributed to the disintegration of syncretism, typical for the Far Eastern culture and art of Medieval Times, and, as a result, the disintegration of elite subcultures.
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The role of mentors in the life and poetry of Huang Jingren
Статья научная
This article is devoted to the one of the most notable representatives of traditional Chinese poetry of the Qing dynasty - Huang Jingren (1749-1783). In Huang's collected works, over 300 poems are devoted to his friends, and a tenth of them - to those whom he considered his mentors. Most often, those were people of an older age, who became his teachers and advisors at the same time. Some patronized him, providing opportunity to work with them; with others, he would seek advice on matters of poetry and discuss poems. Over the years, a few of them became not only the young poet's senior companions, but also his friends. The poems devoted to such people are rich in social and historical background, and replete with the poet's rather hard personal life experience, his thoughts and feelings. They do not only evolve the scenery of social and intellectual life in the midst of the Qianlong Emperor’s reign before readers’ eyes, but also provide a better understanding of the poet’s personality and the distinctness of his worldview. Throughout his rather short life, Huang Jingren had a few friend mentors, who appreciated his talent, respected him and wished to help. Shao Qitao played one of the most important roles in Huang’s life. He was not the first to discover Huang’s talent, but he helped this talent evolve and move in the right direction. Another teacher and a person who predetermined a lot of Huang’s life was Zhu Yun, who served as an education supervisor (xueshi) in the Anhui province. One of the most famous Qing poets, Yuan Mei should also be mentioned. He was a man of great talent, who founded his own poetry school and wrote «Suiyuan Shihua or Poetry Talks from Sui Garden». Despite the disparity in age (almost 33 years), they were still friends. Yuan Mei admired the young talent, whereas Huang venerated the Teacher. All these senior mentors played a certain role in the poet’s life and work and many poems in the «Liangdangxuan» collection are devoted to them.
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