Экономические науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Classification of threats to the socio-economic security of the country
Статья научная
Danger in General, and not only socio-economic, is considered such due to the fact that it creates a threat of destruction of the object or harms it. The danger of socio-economic security has the ability to be defined in the final form as some harm, an integral indicator of which characterizes the level of decline in socio-economic potential for a specific time. The danger is understood as an array of criteria, processes, moments that prevent the implementation of socio-economic needs and interests or form a threat to them and the subjects of economic activity.
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Conceptual principles of setting up economic security
Статья научная
The article provides an overview of setting up economic security of enterprise. The author analyzes the goal, functions, group of measures and outlines the targets and factors of setting up enterprise economic security. The model of setting up economic security of enterprise is represented. The essence of the economic security of the enterprise is defined in the work from the positions of the system approach, the author’s definition of the economic safety of the enterprise is formulated. The category “economic security” at the national and sectoral levels is specified, which explains their interdependence in the process of forming the economic security of the enterprise. The formation of the components of the economic security of an enterprise based on such internal components of economic security as financial, intellectual-personnel, information, resource, technical and technological, power and external-political, legal, market, interface, and environmental, is considered. A model for the formation of the economic security of an enterprise is developed, based on eight successive stages aimed at identifying internal and external threats to the economic security of an enterprise by assessing it for elements to preserve and multiply the economic resources of the enterprise, to prevent crises in a timely manner and to neutralize negative factors. The problems of formation of economic security of food industry enterprises, microclimate and their institutional provision are reflected. A method for assessing the level of economic security of food industry enterprises is proposed, which is based on assessing the level of the components of the formation of the economic security of the enterprise and determining the integral index. The mechanism for the formation of the economic security of the enterprise was developed and proposed, including measures of state regulation that affect the organization of economic security, the creation of socio-economic, organizational and legal conditions for effective reproduction, development and use of the scientific and technological potential of the food industry, the introduction of modern environmentally friendly energy - and resource-saving technologies, production and sale of new types of competitive products.
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Content and forms of informal economy as an object of institutional analysis
Статья научная
The article analyzes informal economy as a category of the economic science in terms of its content and existing forms from the standpoint of institutional economics. It is substantiated that the institutional approach is a logical step in the analysis of informal economy, which appeared after classical and neoclassical methods. Existing definitions and forms of informal economy are analyzed, complemented and summarized. Important characteristics of informal economy, directly manifesting in its current forms, are distinguished. Ways of improving the effectiveness of government rules are offered.
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Corporate governance development trends, models and features in Uzbekistan
Статья научная
This paper describes the corporate governance models used in developed countries, and about opportunities of applying them in Uzbekistan. It also depicts the features and trends of Uzbek corporate governance developmen
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the currency interventions that were carried out by Central Bank of Russia in order to mitigate crisis consequences. Authors made analysis of the correlation between ruble to dollar exchange rate and Brent price, derivatives of this correlation and made a conclusion about efficiency of the Central Bank actions. The article is relevant, all analyzed actions are connected with 2017 year and concerned interventions that will be done by Central Bank soon.
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Статья научная
This article presents current issues of gradual, systematic and continuous improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms of development of small business and private entrepreneurship in service sphere of Uzbekistan as well as ensuring a unified integrated approach to solve problems in support of this sphere. It is assumed that the implementation of the above reforms will lead to further improvement of the organizational and economic mechanisms for the development of small business and private entrepreneurship not only in the field of service but also in economic sectors. In addition, the article contains the following legislative acts, their content and essence, and scientific recommendations.
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Developing of management: choice and implementation of new tools
Статья научная
The research presented in this article shows the experience of implementing new Managerial tools in context of management and employees’ development which is carried out in the large vehicle manufacturing company GM Uzbekistan. The paper describes the details of some new management techniques implementation and evaluated the results of implementation. Analysis of the results of innovation activity, questionnaire survey and special interview reveals of main influenced factors. Result of the research illustrates the importance of in-company culture and managerial style, empowerment and involvement of personnel, top management support and managerial stress, education and training programs. The management of the JVC General Motors Uzbekistan has actively tried to induce new managerial tools and techniques as Continuous Improvement activity through Employee’s Suggestion System, Quality circle, 5S, TPM and others and MBO - Management by Objectives as tools for activation personnel potential and establishing self-managed teams within company employees...
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Development of automobile industry and business in Uzbekistan
Статья научная
In this paper looked through several aspects of the sustainable development of the automotive business and industry in Uzbekistan. We analyzed the legal and regulatory framework, directed investment target program for the development of the automotive business, the main socio-economic indicators and the results of the JSC “Uzavtosanoat”, which is the top of the organization and the main coordinator of the sector in Uzbekistan. In the process, information obtained that year by year, an increasing number of localized sets of component, parts for cars, trucks and agricultural machinery. In addition, in 2015, because of 8 AK “Uzavtosanoat” system projects in the republic created 220 new jobs and spent more than 42 billion soums of domestic investment. As results of 6 foreign direct investment projects assimilated more than 7 million US dollars and created over 100 new jobs in the system of JSC “Uzavtosanoat”. In 2013-2015 years increased production of trucks and heavy machinery was almost 270 percent, batteries 126.7 percent, in turn decreased the production of passenger cars by 25 percent, 68 per cent of the buses. This data indicates that gradual changes in the world and in the internal conditions of vehicles market is saturated domestic market of buses and cars. Increased domestic demand for trucks due to the prosperity of various types of civil and housing construction in the country, a gradual upgrade of Trucks Park in the enterprises, the acquisition of new trucks and special vehicles from the side of small business and private entrepreneurship.
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Development of light industry branches in Uzbekistan based on vertical integration
Статья научная
The textile industry takes leading positions in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan with sufficient raw material and qualified personnel and labour power. This network is developing rapidly, especially on the basis of the right policy pursued by the government. Cotton fibre grown in the country as the main raw material for the textile industry is important in this regard. The analysis shows that, while world-class scientists have discovered several different chemical fibres, cotton fibre is one of the world’s leading natural resources and the demand for it is constantly increasing. In this sense, it is necessary to use the existing opportunities, apply new management methods, introduce modern standards and methods of corporate governance, and strengthen the role of shareholders in strategic management of enterprises.This article analyzes the growth of the volume of production of light industry sectors in the development of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the author has developed a multidimensional forecast for the production of light industry products. My idea of the author, it is necessary to fully coordinate the production of light industry enterprises in the context of Uzbekistan in the context of the competitive environment in the market and to examine the factors of their socioeconomic efficiency by utilizing modern strategies based on the improvement of vertical integration.
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Development of regional economy with mountain recreation: in case Uzbekistan
Статья научная
This article explores the issues of further development of the regional economy of Uzbekistan on the basis of mountain recreation. The author revealed that the development of this industry is influenced by such factors as the specialization of the region, the economic efficiency of the services sector, the development of recreational regions, etc. During the transition to market relations in many countries, the main problem was the competitiveness of recreational resources.
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Development of the innovative food industry in the conditions of ensuring food security
Статья научная
The purpose of this article is to ensure the safety of food and through the development of innovative food industry and learning to increase the production of food. Work to ensure food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan has its own characteristics and analysis of trends and problems identified in this area. As well as ensuring the safety of food and food industry offer based on the priority directions of scientific and practical recommendations developed.
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Development of theoretical and economic aspects of managing expenses
Статья научная
This article outlines the theoretical and economic assessment of the expenditure category and describes the roles of various economic scientists and their role in the enterprise.
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Doing business 2017: equal opportunity for all as a vector of regulation of the business environment
Статья научная
The article analyzes small entrepreneurship as one of the leading sectors of economy, determines rate of economic growth, conditions of employment of population, structure and quality of GDP. Purpose. To study the current state of business climate for entities of small and private entrepreneurship; to analyze the existing range of problems in the sphere of effective state regulation of business activity in the country; to conduct a detailed analysis of structure and dynamics of the World Bank report ranking of Doing Business 2017: equal opportunity for all in conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in two years. Methodology. Observational, statistical analysis and purposeful monitoring of the leading ranking organizations of a business climate for small entrepreneurship were used. Various criteria influencing conditions of institutional and entrepreneurial environments were analyzed. Results. Development of small business is responsible to global trends of formation of flexible competitive economy, combination of different forms of ownership and their appropriate economic model in which difficult synthesis of a competitive market mechanism and state regulation of small and large business has been implemented. Therefore, author made attempt to study problems of effective regulation of small entrepreneurship, institutional ensuring business activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan and interaction of business with the government and institutional players of market. Conclusions. Based on detailed studying of the international ranking institutions and inspections of the entrepreneurial environment Doing Business 2017 on the example of Uzbekistan, the author makes proposals on enhancement of entrepreneurship development and improvement of business climate in the country.
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Dynamic regression models of forecasting indicators of social and economic security
Статья научная
Dynamic multi-factor regression models make it possible to take into account the dynamics of the proportions of the resulting indicator of socio-economic security and indicators in the retrospective period. The defects of such a model include the complexity of selecting indicators and determining their values in the lead period, the difficulty of forming multivariate static regression models, the development of predictive models of regression coefficients. Without paying attention to the statistical significance of multivariate models used to form a dynamic model, the values of regression coefficients over the years have all the chances to fluctuate significantly in the time series of these coefficients. The alternately decreasing or rising regression coefficients due to the modification of the impact of indicators on the dynamics of the values of the resulting indicator of socio-economic security often does not allow to create a forecast model.
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Economic efficiency of use of coal production gaseous and solid waste
Статья научная
The article overviews the problem of utilization of the gaseous and solid waste that emerges in the issue of extraction, preparation and burning of coal from the ecological and economic points of view. Moreover, an assessment of efficiency of utilization of coalmine methane as energy raw material is suggested. What is more, the efficiency of use of solid coal waste as a technological raw material is calculated.
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Статья научная
The whole world looked on as the passage of the Dayton Accords resulted in a ceasefire in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), however, the years to follow oversaw protracted conflict fuelled by ethnic tension, government corruption and attempts to create a peaceful economy. Globalization and the potential to build an economy was a significant incentive to motivate actors to work together in the process of rebuilding a stable infrastructure and opening the economy. Although BiH has progressed economically, certain indicators highlight that all is not as it should be. In this paper, therefore we examine the contributions of institutional quality and financial deepening to economic development in a post-conflict area like BiH. Using an endogenous growth model, the evidence suggests that financial deepening and institutional quality are necessary ingredients for economic performance in BiH.
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Estimation methodology of efficiency of production capacity management at textile enterprises
Статья научная
In this article have been made an attempt to develop theoretical provisions and methodological recommendations for evaluating the efficiency of managing the production capacity of enterprises in the textile industry. Methodological basis of this research was works of foreign and domestic scientists-economists in this field. This research has been based on a general scientific methodology that involves the use of statistical analysis and economic-mathematical methods. The practical significance of the research results is that the obtained scientific and methodological results can be used by textile industry enterprises to solve the tasks of managing production capacities. The methodology for assessing the effectiveness of management of production capacity can be used by managers and specialists of textile enterprises in the process of developing measures to increase production capacity and increase the level of their use. The developed by the author results of the research are proposed for use in the educational process when studying the disciplines “Enterprise Economics”, “Operational Management”, “Production Management”, “Production Management” by students and students of economic specialties of universities.
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Estimation the role of small business in increasing export potential of Uzbekistan
Статья научная
This paper studies the role of small business in the economy and its sectors in Uzbekistan, as well as estimates their role in increasing and diversifying the export potential of Uzbekistan. Moreover, gives a brief and short description and results of reforms and programs held in the creation of a favorable environment for small business. As consequences of those reforms, the number of small business in Uzbekistan increasing steadily. Also acknowledged that agriculture plays a great role in the expansion and diversification of export in the state since it has absolute and comparative advantages in external trade. The share of small business in GDP have a positive high impact on the total amount of export 241.9 million dollars. Moreover, calculations show that there is high elasticity between the share of small business in export and GDP, industry, agriculture high enough. Conclusions indicate the role of agriculture especially small business in agriculture is very effective in increasing the share of small business in export.
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Evaluating the intellectual ability of entrepreneurship subjects and managers in market conditions
Статья научная
The article provides an overview of the current methods for evaluating the intellectual capital of the organization, analyzes techniques that allow to assess both the intellectual capital in general and its individual components. The author proves that entrepreneurship currently occupies an important niche in the economy of the state. But the insufficient elaboration of questions in science about the psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs, the fragmented and multifaceted information predetermine the directions in the study of this issue. The problem of studying the psychological characteristics of the entrepreneur is relevant for the present time. In general, the author developed a methodology for assessing the intellectual ability of entrepreneurs.
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Статья научная
In the context of increasing competition in the banking market, increasing regulatory requirements for transparency and sound risk-creation on this basis of adequate risk provisions in the banking sector is of paramount importance. In this paper, firstly it is proposed to use for estimating credit risks the exact maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) of the structure of stratified population for any sizes of the credit portfolio. These exact MLE could be applied to estimate Basel-II risk parameter PD (Probability of Default), and could be used to optimize provisions for covering expected losses of consumer credit portfolio. In usual banking practice for estimating risk parameter PD the frequencies (rates) of default credits of the whole consumer portfolio or of sub-portfolios of the whole consumer portfolio are usually using. But the statistical characteristics of these estimates, such as unbiased property, consistency, efficiency, exact and asymptotic distributions, usually are unknown. The new statistical estimations have derived for characteristics used in vintage analysis of consumer credit portfolio. These estimations for delinquency rates with different DPD (Days Past Due) are the exact maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) of the structure of stratified population for any sizes of the credit portfolio. These exact MLE could be applied to estimate Basel-II risk parameter PD (Probability of Default), and could be used to optimize provisions for covering expected losses of consumer credit portfolio. Making the adequate provisions to credit risks in the crisis conditions is the problem which needs to estimate risks with satisfactory accuracy.
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