Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1553
Spatial development of social service in the northern region
Статья научная
The article examines the parameters and features of medical and educational service in the northern region, for example in the Komi Republic. The author gives evaluation of the issues relating to functioning of the major elements of territorial framework of social service and determined by low-density, great distances and poor connectivity of space. The spatial development directions are emphasized in the context of development of different medical and educational service centers and reinforcement of net cooperation between them.
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Spatial management of the shipping routes in the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The new plans for Russian Arctic development are predetermined by changes in the external economic environment and the state’s internal policy. In May 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced new development guidelines for the Northern Sea Route. Later on, the documents related to the strategic development of the Russian Arctic zone were approved. In these documents, the Northern Sea Route development is highlighted as one of the main directions of competitive national transport communication of the Russian Federation on the global market. The purpose of the research is to determine the role of the Northern Sea Route in the country’s spatial and socio-economic development in the context of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025. The long-term plans launched various economic, political, and other socially significant processes in the Russian Arctic, which led to the formulation of two research tasks. The first one is to consider the main approaches to the spatial management of the regional economy and to present the implementation of the spatial economy provisions in case of the Northern Sea Route that is the center of the Arctic space “assembly”. The second one is to reveal the Northern Sea Route potential as a transport and logistics highway in the transit traffic area, transportation of raw materials, and ensuring vital activity of the population of the Northern regions in deliveries of goods to the Northern territories. As a result of the research, the authors have identified the main trends in the NSR development: strengthening of Russia’s domestic economic policy, aimed at activating business processes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and the usage of the NSR as an international transit highway. Data analysis on transportation of raw materials and goods deliveries to the Northern territories indicates that inland navigation will soon be a dominant type of navigation on the Northern Sea Route.
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Specific features of human potential development of a new generation in Russia
Статья научная
The article on the basis of comparative analysis of terms such as human capital and human potential chooses the latter as one reflecting the specific features of the state and development of the society and an individual most completely. With this in mind, the author identifies the priorities of a new generation in the process of perception and transmission of socio-cultural and science and technology achievements of the previous generations, as well as evaluates the moral state of the society. The author also shows specific features of the communication process amid present conditions and their impact on young people's human potential. The article assesses the role of ideology in social stability and favorable state of human potential. Education and upbringing are compared as complementary elements in the system of shaping a new generation. The author considers in most general terms some specific features of a crisis situation in our country and gives a descriptive definition of a justice crisis as its component. He substantiates the thesis that the present crisis state of science, education and healthcare is the result of their inconsistent and inadequate reformation. The article contains a number of propositions for building up human potential of a new generation.
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Статья научная
The specifics of agricultural development management in the remote northern territories should be always taken into consideration; otherwise modernization processes in the agricultural sector would be impeded. The article defines the concept of agriculture modernization and highlights its necessity. It reveals the peculiarities, opportunities and limitations of technological and socio-economic development of agriculture in the peripheral northern rural territories of the Komi Republic. The article studies agriculture modernization for the period of the 1960s-1980s, and under market reforms. It shows the impact of market reforms on the change of economic and social conditions of agriculture in the peripheral areas of the northern region. For stimulating agricultural production modernization, the authors propose a target-programme method of managing the agriculture in peripheral territories.
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Specifics of external migration into the Pskov oblast
Статья научная
Modern scientists consider migration to be a tool that makes it possible to redistribute human capital, which is currently the most important resource. At that, of special interest are the peripheral regions of the country, including those with the cross-border status, where the influence of migration processes on the structure of population is most noticeable. The Pskov Oblast is currently the leader in Russia in terms of depopulation. Natural decline in the region’s population is only partially compensated by migration. In this regard, the role of migration in the solution of demographic issues of regional development is becoming more and more important. The article presents the analysis of migration processes in the Pskov Oblast in the post-Soviet period; the analysis is based on the processing of statistical data. The author attempts to explain the main trends in migration processes in the framework of the Pskov Oblast for the last 20 years. Informational base of the research is formed by the materials of Pskovstat. The research findings can be used in the drafting and adjustment of a concept for demographic development of the region.
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Specifics of modernization in Russia's regions
Статья научная
The article analyzes the specifics of modernization in the Russian regions. The author studies modernization in connection with globalization, that is, with the formation of global networks, high-tech core and archaic periphery. The article shows the main trends of modernization in the Russian regions, identifies the role of local government in their formation. In addition, it reveals a number of specific features of modernization in Russia; in particular, a complex combination of a protective attitude towards innovation and focus on development in local communities. Besides, the article pays special attention to the role of traditional value orientations in the decision making process at the local level.
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Specifics of reproductive behavior of female residents of Moscow
Статья научная
Birth rate dynamics in Russia’s population remains one of the major objects of attention of demographic science and politics. In 2019, the aggregate birth rate in Moscow exceeded the Russian average, giving rise to assumptions about the likelihood of the emergence of a new trend, despite the fact that studies of reproductive behavior of city dwellers indicate the prevalence of intentions to have fewer children. The article presents estimates of birth rates in metropolitan megacities of Russia, indicating that the values of indicators are still lower than the Russian average and even lower than the same indicators for Russia’s urban population. According to the data of an up-to-date survey of female Moscow residents, we find the prevalence of intentions to have fewer children and postpone childbirth. Significant factors influencing the intentions of female Moscow residents to have children are marital behavior, level of education, standard of living and value orientations. Birth rates in female Moscow residents with higher education in real generations are slightly lower than the Russian average. A slightly less pronounced inclination toward getting married in a civil ceremony also has a significant determinant role. The impact of income level cannot be assessed unambiguously. Indeed, in groups of women with relatively lower welfare, fertility rates are higher, but this is due to the ratio of satisfaction with the standard of living and the importance of children (the need for children). A higher level of income (and satisfaction with it) contributes to the realization of reproductive intentions. Female Moscow residents tend to have fewer children since such an attitude is passed down from previous generations; besides, among them, there is a higher proportion of those focused on individual values, which also determines a lower birth rate in a metropolitan megacity. Taking into account birth rate trends and the peculiarities of reproductive behavior of female Moscow residents can contribute to improving the effectiveness of demographic policy.
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Статья научная
The paper proves that the major reason for the slow development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia is a lack of effective training and retraining system of business staff. The directions of using public-private partnership to achieve these aims are revealed in the case of the Moscow Oblast.
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Статья научная
The article substantiates the necessity of modernization and the role of highly qualified personnel in the technological and socio-economic development of the agrarian sector in the Komi Republic. The article considers the provision of agriculture with personnel in the pre-reform period and describes the current situation concerning the professional level of managers, specialists of agricultural enterprises and workers of mass professions. The factors impeding the retaining of personnel in rural areas have been revealed. Besides, the article proposes a set of managerial, organizational and economic measures for the staffing of modernization and innovation development of agricultural production.
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Stages of control of regional development in Russia
Статья научная
The article considers the dynamics of the system of regional development state regulation in Russia. The stages of state regulation are identified through the use of dialectical and historical-logical analysis methods. The basic goals, achievements and shortcomings are identified at each stage. The consequences of regulation are considered under the prism of asymmetry problem of socio-economic space as a reflection of dominant values of sociality or effectiveness in regional policies, and as a measurement of practical management effectiveness. The conclusion on the substantial theoretical and methodological shortcomings of regional development regulation is argued.
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State Duma election 2016. Economic policy of the president assessed by the people
Ред. заметка
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Статья научная
The article touches on the area of increasing significance which is information society development. The main aim of the article is to present the development of information society Slovenia, Croatia and Poland on the background of the EU average. The analysis will cover selected indicators characterizing important areas of the digital society: broadband network coverage, digital competences of the society, share of people and households using the Internet and their main information and communicationservicesaswellasinvolvementofenterprisesin Internetactivitiesandtheiruseofinnovative information and communication services. Main used methods are deduction, induction and comparative analysis of different reports concerning digital society development in Slovenia, Croatia and Poland. In writing this article, the author uses also a critical review of the literature, to present current knowledge about the nature of and reasons for digital society development, synthesis, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the Slovenian, Croatian, Polish and EU digital society state and an indication of the primary current dilemmas. While writing the article the author benefits from the domestic and foreign literature, studies carried out by institutes in European research programs commissioned by the EU as well as from the legal acts and documents of the EU.
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Статья научная
The article discusses the current state and the main trends in the development of agriculture (on the example of agricultural enterprises in the Vologda Oblast). Nowadays there is a trend of decline in the production of basic agricultural products. The insufficient financing of agricultural enterprises is one of the key reasons for this situation. Internal and external sources of funding can be such tools. As world practice shows, the largest share in the funds, which are at the disposal of agricultural enterprises, accounts for direct budgetary financing. However, in the Russian Federation there is another trend: over the last decades there is noticeable reduction in direct state support of agricultural producers. In addition, in the framework of Russia's accession to the WTO there will be further decline in such support and simultaneous transfer of financial burden onto agricultural enterprises. Therefore, the government faces an acute problem of planning and forecasting volumes of state support and earnings of agricultural enterprises...
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State strategic planning experience in the USSR in theoretical and empirical studies
Статья научная
In recent years, the Russian Federation has been forming a strategic planning system, which exists in many countries with market economics. However, success of its implementation is assessed critically in scientific literature. This is where the goal of this article becomes relevant - expansion of theoretical and methodological framework, including instruments of new institutional economic history for studying empirical sources concerning institutional practices of USSR centralized planning from the perspective of needs of the RF strategic planning economics system. The greatest attention to this problem is paid in the development and institutional economics, which are interconnected with each other. The novelty of the research consists in the fact that we put forward our own methodological questions in the context of our original understanding of trends of development economics’ evolution on the basis of our interpretation of studies which explored Soviet experience of centralized planning; formulation of working hypothesis for further empirical studies and their theoretical generalization. We use historical genetic and problematic approaches, general logical methods and techniques - system approach, generalization, analysis and synthesis. We compare individual concepts in the sphere of development economics with empirical studies. We find out that the slowdown of USSR economic dynamics urged development economics theorists to shift their focus from macroeconomics’ modeling of production factors to the analysis of the institutional environment features. The approach to centralized planning as a key instrument of overcoming “traps of underdevelopment” (“market failures”) was substituted with understanding of transactional costs connected with it (“state failures”). It was stated that important issues, such as cooperation between institutions of scientific knowledge and state’s management of economics, were not properly analyzed. The conclusion was drawn that the research on empirical sources, concerning institutions of soviet planning, using theoretical and methodological instruments of development economics, enriched with concepts of institutional economics, will contribute to the formation of new theory of national and regional economics’ planning in the paradigm of post-Soviet institutionalism.
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Status and prospects of tourist industry development in the Vologda region
Статья научная
The article shows the role of the tourism sector in the economy of the Vologda region, identifies key problems and a number of key areas of the tourism development and management tools for the tourism industry of the region.
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Stimulating final consumption within the reduction of regional inequality
Статья научная
With increasing regional inequality, the economy of the Russian Federation and its regions experiences structural constraints related to its imbalance. The result of this situation is the reduction of domestic consumer demand, which has recently been considered a factor of the economic growth. It actualizes the problem of finding, identifying, and justifying areas of final consumption which may stimulate the population’s demand for goods and services of domestic production and reduce structural imbalances in current economic conditions. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to identify and scientifically substantiate ways to stimulate final consumption that reduce regional imbalances. One of these ways is tourism, which has a high multiplicative effect. It has the minimum share of import in the structure of the formation of its products’ resources. The study’s scientific novelty is the estimation of the effect of the increase of the tourism industry’s output within the regional context. Its results allowed us to identify the problem of under-receiving effects from stimulating the consumption of tourism goods and services by regions. The high contribution of the Central Federal District, which accounts for the greatest effect from the growth of tourism output, indicates the need to overcome the existing spatial asymmetry in tourism development between certain regions of the country. General scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, as well as tools based on the methodology of inter-sectoral balance, were used as the methodological basis of the research. The information basis of the research included works of domestic and foreign scientists dealing with structural policy, information from state statistics institutions, data from the World Bank and the World Tourism Organization. Future research areas are related to the definition of methods for regulating final consumption for a deeper understanding of problems of economic restructuring.
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Strategic choice of the economic specialization of the peripheral municipality
Статья научная
In this article the methodical aspects for the strategic analysis of the peripheral municipal economic development are considered. The analysis is carried out by the example of the Lahdenpohskaya municipal area of the Karelia Republic. The choice of the economic specialization directions while working out the program of the socio-economic development of a municipality on the basis of the SWOT-analysis and on the territorial capitalization’s concept is substantiated.
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Strategic classification of regions according to the level of financial self-sufficiency
Статья научная
In the context of highly uneven regional development, subnational and federal governments are facing an extremely important task of elaborating and implementing the strategy for development of Russia's constituent entities. In this regard the research on financial self-sufficiency of regions as a driver of resource security of strategic development becomes an urgent issue. The goals of our study include building a typology of regions according to the level of financial self-sufficiency and identifying strategizing features for individual groups of regions. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and panel data analysis are used to achieve the goals. In order to build sustainable groups, we form a system of 18 indicators of financial self-sufficiency of regions; we carry out cluster analysis on its basis; after that, we identify three groups of regions: leaders, average performers, and outsiders. This classification of regions can be considered stable, since the composition of the groups has not changed over time. We carry out the principal component analysis using our set of indicators of financial self-sufficiency and identify three generalizing factors that characterize the budgetary security of the regions, the potential of regional and municipal taxes, and the tax burden on the economy. We carry out modeling with the use of panel regression and analyze the influence of each factor on financial self-sufficiency in each group of regions. The resulting classification has significant scientific prospects regarding the formation of a general strategizing methodology for regions with different levels of financial self-sufficiency. The strategic classification can be used by regional authorities to form regional and sectoral development strategies.
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Статья научная
At present, Russia's economy is dependent on import in some of its strategically important sectors. The recent economic and political developments such as the aggravation of geopolitical situation and termination of economic partnership between Russia and a number of countries and entities, and also the Government's policy that aims to reduce import dependence determine the need to expand the interaction between domestic producers and the need to use domestic resources, materials and equipment in economic activities. Import substitution in Russia can become a driving force of its industrial growth. The paper presents different interpretations of the term “import substitution” contained in several publications of recent years; it also reveals a common approach of the authors to this problem. The article summarizes existing proposals on priority areas of import substitution such as the shift towards import-substituting production and technology in strategically important industries...
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Strategic management as a factor of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship functioning enhancing
Статья научная
The article is devoted to actual problems of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship’s development. Characteristics of the main directions of small and medium-sized businesses at the federal and regional levels development is given, the strategic management of small and medium-sized businesses features are identified.
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