Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 527
Отчет
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a rare entity and a significant cause of sudden death especially in the Italian population and athletes. The familial form is uncommon especially in the Afro-Caribbean population. This Index family represents an Autosomal Dominant form in a maternal parent who had sudden death at 39 years of age. The Index case was diagnosed at 18 years with increasing palpitations since 8 years of age, becoming symptomatic two decades younger than her mother. This was confirmed using the Treadmill Stress test. This is the 1st Case of Familial Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia documented in an Afro-Caribbean family. Learning objective Familial Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a rare entity and a significant cause of sudden death especially in the Italian population and athletes. This the first case of Autosomal Dominant type of ARVD with variable penetrance, documented in an Afro-Caribbean family where diagnosis was aided by Ventricular Tachycardia occurring during a Treadmill Stress Test.
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Features of biochemical homeostasis in rats with anti-tumor effect produced by iron nanoparticles
Статья
Overloading a tumor with iron (Fe) is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. A number of papers have demonstrated a self-dependent anti-tumor effect of Fe nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo. However, an excessive amount of this trace metal can produce a negative effect on the organism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the metabolic changes in the rats with lymphosarcoma when exposed to FeNPs with anti-tumor activity.
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Статья научная
The aim of our research work was to study changes in the level of hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in mice of both sexes in different variants of the B16/F10 melanoma growth. BALB/c Nude mice (n=84) of both sexes were divided into groups as follows: intact males and females (n=14); a reference group of mice of both sexes with standard subcutaneous B16/F10 melanoma inoculation (n=14); the main group of mice (n=14) where B16/F10 melanoma and Lewis carcinoma were inoculated into the mice sequentially subcutaneously on two sides: one on the left side, the other on the right side. At the terminal stage of the tumor growth, with ELISA using standard kits in 1% hypothalamic tissue homogenates we determined contents of releasing hormones as follows: corticotropic hormone (CRH), thyrotropic hormone (TRH), gonadotropic hormone (GnRH), somatotropic hormone (STH-R); in the pituitary with RIA determined were TSH, LH, FSH and ACTH (Immunotech, Czech Republic). Results. In males and females of both groups, the level of TRH in the hypothalamus decreased by 9-3.7 times, and only in females of the main group, the level of TSH in the pituitary gland increased by 2.8 times. Other releasing peptides in the hypothalamus of females increased by 1.9-6 times, while in males they decreased by 1.4-7 times. In the pituitary gland in males of both groups, the level of LH increased by 1.3-1.4 times and ACTH by 2.5-4 times, but FSH decreased by 7.8-13.6 times. In females, the level of FSH and ACTH in the pituitary gland decreased by 1.5 times - 1.8 times (р˂0.05), only in the main group the content of TSH increased by 2.8 times and only in the reference group LH by 1.6 times (р˂0.05). Conclusion. With the development of B16/F10 melanoma, there was a sex-dependent dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary tract. Changes in the concentrations of GnRH, CRH, and STH-R in the hypothalamus in different directions in males and females indicate different mechanisms of hormonal imbalance in response to the growth of a malignant tumor.
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Features of expression of transforming growth factor beta in estrogen-positive breast cancer
Статья
Changes in the activity of growth factors and their receptors play a key role in shaping the response to treatment with anticancer hormonal drugs. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between the TGFβ1 and TGFβR1 expression and the progression of breast cancer (BC) during tamoxifen therapy.
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Статья
It is well known that extraordinary stress or chronic exposure to stressors is characterized by adverse immunological consequences due to stress-induced immunosuppression. It has been established that stress causes an increased incidence of malignant tumors and also worsens the prognosis in patients with already existing tumors. Among the mechanisms of carcinogenesis under stress, there is an increase in the level of cortisol, which has a significant inhibitory effect on the immune system and the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves inactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and decreased secretion of cortisol in humans, or corticosterone in rats and mice. However, the question of whether PTSD is a risk factor for the development of cancer or tumor growth remains practically undeveloped.
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Статья научная
The aim is to study the features of life and the incidence rate of anxiety and depressive disorders among medical faculty students studying remotely during the epidemic of a new coronavirus infection (Covid 19) at the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov. Materials and methods. We examined 335 students (34% males, 66% females) at the Faculty of Medicine in November-December 2020. The average age of the students examined was 20.3±2.3 years. The study included an anonymous mail survey to examine educational conditions, lifestyle, levels of anxiety and depression. Results. 43.8% of the students had insufficient sleep duration, 58.5% had low physical activity, in 24.8% of them we recorded high levels of situational anxiety and in 82.1% of them personal anxiety, in 7.1% of the students we recorded clinically expressed anxiety and 1.8% had clinically expressed depression. During the transition to remote learning, students increased the time use to prepare for classes (51.2%) and the duration of sleep (61.5%), while their physical activity decreased (76.5%). Statistically significant linear correlations were identified between the level of anxiety and depression and the duration of sleep, low physical activity, preparation time for classes, academic performance, and academic debt. Conclusions. The results obtained by us can be used to optimize the educational process, as well as to preserve the mental health of students during the transition to distance learning.
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Features of perioperative management of pediatric patients with congenital heart defects
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the features of perioperative management of pediatric patients with congenital heart defects. The authors note that the perioperative period is the period starting from the moment of the beginning of the operation and ending with the moment of transfer of the patient to the ward after the operation. This period is very important for the recovery of children after surgery for a heart defect. In the perioperative period, indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and other indicators are monitored to make sure that the patient is in a stable condition and there are no complications. In the perioperative period, measures are taken to prevent complications such as infections, bleeding, thrombosis, etc. Doctors also monitor the balanced administration of fluids and electrolytes to maintain the stability of the patient, and try to minimize the time of surgery to reduce stress for the patient and reduce the risk of complications. During the period under review, procedures are also carried out to support the postoperative period, such as the administration of medications and infusion solutions, maintaining body temperature and other procedures. In general, the perioperative period is of critical importance for the recovery of children after surgery for a heart defect. Proper monitoring of health indicators, prevention of complications, proper anesthesia and other procedures help children recover faster after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.
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Features of the course of COVID-19 infection in children
Статья научная
The COVID-19 infection has become an unexpected challenge for global health in recent years. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes severe illness in adults, was most often asymptomatic in the pediatric population. However, since the appearance of the new virus, the estimated share of infected children has risen from less than 2% to 8.5% of all infected patients. Taking into account the fact that asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic pediatric patients most often do not complain, it can be assumed that the exact occurrence rate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus among children is higher than officially published data. Similarly to adults, the presence of comorbidities in children was associated with severe forms of the coronavirus infection and the need for intensive care. The clinical pattern of COVID-19 in children is not fundamentally different from that in adult patients, but however, gastrointestinal symptoms are found much more often. In addition, complications characteristic of the pediatric population are observed. The aim hereof was to analyze the features of the manifestation of the COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients.
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Features of the course of cardiovascular diseases against the background of COVID-19
Статья научная
Based on the analysis of 308 electronic medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, the features of the course of cardiovascular diseases at the regional level were studied. It was found that in patients with cardiovascular diseases, the severity of the course and mortality are higher than in patients without cardiac pathology.
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Статья научная
In the modern world, patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency quite often also have a number of other diseases, among which otolaryngological ailments occupy far from the last place. The causes of the development of ENT diseases against the background of the development or chronic course of kidney disease usually lie in the weakening of the immune system of patients, as well as in the use of certain pharmacological complexes by the latter, which have side effects expressed in a negative effect on the functions of ENT organs. Patients who have been shown and underwent kidney transplantation are particularly at risk of developing otolaryngological diseases, since such patients need lifelong treatment to suppress the immune system and minimize the likelihood of organ rejection. A decrease in the body’s defenses under certain conditions leads to the development of diseases of various natures, including otolaryngological ones. The authors believe that the otorhinolaryngological dysfunctions discussed above that have arisen in patients with CKD are usually permanent and difficult to control, have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with CKD. For this reason, patients suffering from CKD should be regularly monitored by an otolaryngologist, undergoing regular examinations. The importance of these procedures is determined by the fact that individual otolaryngological disorders, in case of their early detection, may be reversible. In addition, correctly and timely prescribed treatment can limit the development of individual ENT pathologies.
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Features of the first-year students’ lifestyle at the faculty of medicine: an observational study
Статья научная
Introduction. Our analysis of studies of the lifestyle of medical students has shown that the students keep an unhealthy lifestyle with some differences in their lifestyle components, regions, and course of university study. Therefore, it is of scientific and practical interest to identify and analyze some factors which influence the formation of a healthy lifestyle for future medical doctors. The aim of the study is to investigate the lifestyle characteristics of the first-year students at the Faculty of Medicine and identify some key predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle. Methods. An observational cross-sectional study of the first-year students of the Medical Faculty at the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after I.I. HM. Berbekov was conducted. The selection of units of the observation was carried out by the nesting method while maintaining the proportion characteristic of the general population. The sample set reflected the properties of the general population both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study included an anonymous survey using a specially designed questionnaire containing 80 questions to study socio-demographic characteristics that make up lifestyle (physical activity, daily routine, diet schedule and diet composition, the presence of bad habits), well-being, attention to one’s own health, using online Google Forms Designer. Results. More than half of the students surveyed (51.6%) consider their lifestyle not fully consistent with the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Herewith, 75.4% of the students did not adhere to the proper diet, 72.1% of them did not follow the daily scheduled routine, 24.9% of them slept less than 6 hours at night, 20.4% of the students did not engage in any type of physical activity. The number of smoking students was 8.9%, those drinking alcohol was recorded to reach 9.7%. Using the method of multiple logistic regression analysis for predicting lifestyle changes, the key predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle were identified as follows: the presence of bad habits, the number of cigarettes smoked and an unhealthy diet. Conclusion. The completed study made it possible to reveal the characteristics of the lifestyle of the first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine, identify significant predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle, and produce a social profile of a first-year student at the Faculty of Medicine. The results obtained by us can be used to adapt the curricula of the Medical Faculty for the formation of a healthy lifestyle among the students.
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Статья научная
Aim The aim hereof is a comprehensive study of the mental, adaptive and hormonal status in patients with lung cancer with varying prevalence of the malignant process. The obtained results are compared with data on the psychosomatic state and subclinical disorders in the thyroid system in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Статья научная
This article discusses the features of the use of regional anesthesia in the surgical correction of traumatic defects of the skull bones and reconstructive plastic surgery. Regional anesthesia is a safe and effective method of anesthesia, which reduces the risk of complications and speeds up the recovery process after surgery. The authors describe in detail various types of regional anesthesia, such as facial nerve blockade, blockage of the frontal branch of the trigeminal nerve, etc. The paper also discusses indications and contraindications to the use of regional anesthesia, as well as possible complications. In conclusion, it is noted that regional anesthesia is an important element in surgical practice during operations for the operative correction of traumatic defects of the skull bones and reconstructive plastic surgery. Keywords Regional anesthesia, Surgical correction, Traumatic defects of the skull bones, Reconstructive plastic surgery.
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Five decades of risk perception measurements of tobacco use: a review of literature
Статья научная
Perceptions of risk are beliefs about the likelihood of damage or loss. People make subjective judgments regarding the intensity and features of a danger. Smoking start and continuation are influenced by risk perception. Risk perception of tobacco use or smoking has always been controversial. Few studies found that risk perception is overestimated by smokers and tobacco users, while other studies found that smokers underestimate the risk of smoking. It has been observed that different authors have been using different approaches to measure the risk perception of tobacco use. The present literature review is an ontological exploration of the process of calculating this construct and determining which method gives more holistic and robust information. A literature survey was carried out to understand different ways in which risk perception can be measured. Fifty- seven studies were identified from 1970 to 2020 in which risk perception was calculated for any form of tobacco use. The literature review found that the researchers used two practical approaches to measure risk perception. In the first approach, the researchers tried to measure only the health risks of tobacco use, and in the second, multiple dimensions of tobacco use were measured. Most commonly perceived addiction and then the social risk of tobacco use was accessed. Though recent literature is dominated by an approach where a single dimension, i.e., perceived health risk of tobacco use, is most commonly access, it is inferring from the available literature that tools that access multiple sizes of the perceived risk of tobacco use give more comprehensive and robust information about that construct which can be used further to create tobacco use prevention intervention.
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Formation of the system of anti-stressor reactions as a non-specific basis for health and longevity
Ред. заметка
The proposed editorial article touches upon aspects of fundamental medicine associated with the discovery of systems of nonspecific adaptation reactions in the organism as a whole. It is shown that the key law of the organism's response to the actions of the external and internal environment consists in the dependence between the reaction quality and the quantity (measure, intensity) of an acting factor. Revealed is the historical sequence of events in the development of the general adaptation reaction theory, beginning with the creation of the theoretical basis of pathology, i.e. description of the adaptation syndrome of stress reaction by Hans Selye, up to the intimate-ly associated and logically continued studies and discovery of anti-stress- type reactions, namely, the reactions of training and activation, undertaken by Lyubov Garkavi, Maria Ukolova and Elena Kvakina. The characterization of archetypes of previously unknown, independent separate symptom complexes is given herein. The philosophy of adaptation discrete responses provided by the organism to different actions includes a higher stage of research pro-gress, when it would be possible to understand the unique natural ability of periodic repetition of the adaptation reactions tetrad in a very wide range of action intensities.
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Статья научная
Pleural effusion is a common occurrence in patients with latestage chronic kidney disease. In developing countries like Pakistan, many effusions remain undiagnosed after pleural fluid analysis and patients are empirically treated with anti-tubercular therapy.
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Отчет
The present paper analyzes changes in coagulation system markers in 64 patients with malignant tumors of the GI in surgical treatment. Results obtained when using parameters of the expanded coagulogram and a new global hemostatic assessment test with the use of Thrombodynamics recorder T2 have been evaluated. Based on the findings, we have developed models for predicting postoperative venous thrombosis and compared different methods for the coagulation system examinations. The thrombodynamics test allows us to assess the state of thrombotic readiness in the postoperative period in 26.56% of patients with GI cancer upon the standard anticoagulant prevention. High levels of the thrombinemia markers and hypercoagulation at the fibrin clot growth rate have been detected after the surgery. Correlation between the plasma fibrinogen levels and the fibrin clot density has been observed. Therefore, the proposed highly sensitive global assessment test of the hemostatic system allows us to detect hypercoagulation and evaluate the efficacy of a preventive dose of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
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The work is devoted to the study of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in female students with different academic success. From the results of our research, we can conclude that the average level of the maximum blood pressure and heart rate in female students with an improvement in academic performance significantly increase, and the minimum level thereof remains unchanged. Also, an increase in the average score in the record book is accompanied by a significant increase in PD, SBV, MBV and BCE, a decrease in TPR, while the values of MAP and CV do not change significantly.
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Functional state of the cardiovascular system in women during pregnancy
Статья научная
The article presents the results of studying the effect of pregnancy on the functional state of the cardiovascular system in women. Their evaluation indicates that during pregnancy there is a significant increase in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, systolic blood volume (SBV), minute blood volume (MBV), circulatory efficiency ratio (CER), a significant decrease in the total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR), a significant fluctuation in both directions in the pulse pressure (PP), the average dynamic arterial pressure (ADAP) and the endurance factor (EF) in women. By the end of pregnancy, the heart rate increased to 89.1 beats per minute (P
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Functional state of the students’ cardiovascular system under the conditions of mountain hypoxia
Статья научная
The article presents the functional state of the cardiovascular system of students under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia. From the analysis of the results of our research, it can be argued that due to the fact that students live under conditions of a reduced oxygen content in the atmospheric air, there is a significant increase in the systolic output of their hearts. Thus, the systolic blood volume of students under the conditions of mountain hypoxia increases, reaching the maximum values of 63.4 ml (P
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