Social development. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Статья научная
During the past decades, sustained economic growth in emerging countries (and among them, BRICS countries) has attracted much attention in the western world. Multinational companies have been lured by the growing purchasing power of a significant part of the population, often presented as the “promised land” of consumer spending in durable goods, high tech services and fashion products. Of course, increasing incomes imply also significant socio-economic changes within these countries as well. A growing number of studies have been carried in order to track the evolution of income distribution in BRICS countries, and the formation and composition of a social group usually called “middle class” in western countries (Kharas (2010), SIEMS (2010), Levada (2012), Ernst and Young (2013), Kochhar R., Oates R. (2015)). In this paper we try to assess the impact of recent macroeconomic fluctuations on Russian households income levels. We analyse the Russian trajectory in three different ways...
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Influence of health status on social activity of older population
Статья научная
The economy suffers losses not only because of premature death but also due to poor health. It may lead to complete, or partial, loss of working capacity and the decrease of social activity. These problems affect all population groups, but it is the most common among older citizens. This situation requires the implementation of measures to maintain health and stimulate the efficient usage of older people's labor potential. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to analyze the impact of health status on social activities of older population. The information base of the study included data of monitoring concerning the quality of labor potential among population of the Vologda Oblast for 2018. Methodological aspects of the study are based on the concept of population's qualitative characteristics and the index approach, which was used to assess the status of health and social activity. It is shown that people who belong to older age group, in comparison with other groups, have low values of the need index concerning the achievement and social activity. In all selected age groups, lowest values of social activity were observed in cases when two conditions were simultaneously met: they were lower than median values of the physical health index and, for example, cognitive and creative potentials. It is revealed that social activity is higher in cases when indices of cognitive and creative potentials exceed the median level, but the physical health index, on the contrary, does not reach it. It indirectly characterizes the important role of cognitive and creative aspects in ensuring high social activity. The study determined that population of older age group has a competitive advantage which concerns a sufficiently high level of cognitive and intellectual potentials that partially compensate for low physical and mental health. It is shown that, in comparison with other studied age groups, the “loss” is insignificant in material terms, and the “loss” in labor productivity was not recorded at all.
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Influence of socio-economic factors on the suicide type of behavior
Статья научная
The given research was carried out for estimating the structure of suicide emotional frustration (by the example of Karelia Republic), in its interrelation with the socio-economic and climatic factors, so as to develop the algorithms of diagnosing and preventing this negative phenomenon. The clinical data of Petrozavodsk Republican Psychiatric Clinic’s patients, who made one or more suicide attempts within the last 5 years, served as the material for this research. By means of application of mathematical methods there were revealed the general features of the persons who had committed suicide and the factors influencing suicide behavior.
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Institutional mechanism for shaping social innovation
Статья научная
Institutional environment creates conditions for shaping social innovation projects. In this case, current rules and standards can both stimulate and inhibit the development of social innovation in a particular territory. The goal of the present study is to develop an institutional mechanism for the formation of social innovation. It is done with the help of multiparameter systematization method, graphic modeling and other general scientific methods. Theoretical principles of the research presented in the paper are based on the institutional theory, public sector theory, innovations theory, life cycle theory and others. The authors systematize the institutions that influence the formation and development of socio-economic environment; they also point out a list of barriers in the sphere of social project management and put forward possible solutions that help mitigate the impact of inefficient institutional structures. The paper proposes an institutional mechanism for shaping social innovation; this mechanism shows possible reasons for inefficiency of social innovation projects and explains how the institutional environment and internal rules and regulations affect the feasibility of project implementation and its effectiveness...
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Статья научная
Modern theories view human capital as the main source of economic growth. Managing the concentration of human capital to form new growth centers, provided by the Concept of the strategy of Russia’s spatial development, requires the use of effective institutions. The authors’ method of studying the responses of socio-economic systems to changes in the institutional conditions of human capital increment helps determine the ranking of the impact of material and institutional factors applying the methodological tools of regression analysis using dummy variables. Moreover, the study based on the proposed method makes it possible to take into account the heterogeneous nature of the socio-economic space of Russian regions in the context of human-oriented development paradigm in assessing the effectiveness of institutions based on comparative analysis of standardized coefficients of institutional variables in the regression models of the managed characteristics of human capital by regional clusters...
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Intraregional differentiation of demographic potential in the Republic of Tatarstan
Статья научная
The issues of formation of agglomerations are more considered from the economic point of view and as an effective way of infrastructural development of territories. However, the demographic aspects of studying the potential of the regions' territories are left without attention. The purpose of the research is to determine the zones of demographic risk and stability of the Republic of Tatarstan and identify the vector of demographic development of its three agglomerations. The theoretical analysis of the concept of “agglomeration” helps consider the unification of cities and municipal districts not from the geographical and economic perspective, but as a tool for effective development of human capital. The method of rapid analysis of demographic processes in the Republic of Tatarstan developed by the Center for Family and Demography at Tatarstan Academy of Sciences is a differentiated analysis of demographic prospects of agglomerations of the Republic taking into account their initial potential. In the article, based on the agglomeration approach we differentiated intra-regional demographic potential of municipal formations of the Republic. In order to determine the zones of demographic risk in three agglomerations, we calculated the integrated rank of municipal districts according to the main demographic indicators: total fertility rate, mortality, natural growth, marriage rate, divorce rate and migration gain. The article reviews in detail birth rate as the most important category of the region's socio-demographic development. The ranking of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan included in various agglomerations, according to the current demographic situation, helps identify the region's prosperous zones at the present development stage. The definition of risk zones will help adjust the social and demographic policy of municipalities, thereby ensuring sustainable demographic development of the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole.
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Investigation of food supply in the Vologda region
Статья научная
The article proposes approaches to assessing the physical and economic access to food, and an assessment of the average food consumption in the Vologda region, taking into account the differentiation according to income. Trends in food consumption in urban and rural households are considered. The results of the population's effective demand for basic foodstuffs study are given.
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Labor satisfaction as an indicator of public administration efficiency (sociological analysis)
Статья научная
Labor satisfaction is an indicator of social wellbeing of the working population. The study of subjective perceptions of labor is an important indicator of public administration efficiency. The article contains the analysis of the population’s satisfaction with labor, particularly, with one of its structural components - labor conditions. It reveals the high correlation of these indicators with the satisfaction with everyday life and labor productivity. It determines the degree of employees’ satisfaction with working conditions in such areas as health and psychological atmosphere at the workplace, equipment capability and security. The study discloses employees’ estimates in socio-demographic and territorial-dimensional aspects. The research demonstrates the interrelation between satisfaction with working environment and implementation of labor potential. The analysis indicates the importance of regular sociological research into the issues of satisfaction with various aspects of labor activity. The article indicates that for the country’s development it is necessary to take into account the labor satisfaction factor (in the narrow sense - working conditions) while developing strategies and approaches for social-economic policy and defining the standards of social responsibility, primarily, of the state and employers.
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Life strategies of young people: sociological research experience
Статья научная
Modern reality is the world of formation of various life prospects of a young person. The relevance of the topic depends, firstly, on insufficient sociological research into the mechanism of formation and realization of life strategies of modern youth; and, secondly, on the need to substantiate the sociological concept of youth life strategies in terms of professional self-determination with regard to its social and group characteristics. In this context, young people as the most active social group are of great interest to the authors who consider them a research target. Due to the transitivity of a social status and the incomplete processes of social maturity formation young people need a targeted design of their future. The sociological analysis of the issue involves a clarification of the concept of “life strategy” at the conceptual level (A.A. Volokitin, S.N. Ikonnikova, E.I. Golovakha, Yu.A. Zubok, V.T. Lisovsky, M.N. Rutkevich, G.V. Leonidova, K.A. Ustinova, etc.)...
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Lifelong learning as a condition for human capital formation
Статья научная
The article gives the grounds for lifelong learning as one of the conditions for human capital formation. The parameters that can be a base for evaluating the involvement of the population in the educational process are defined. Professional training of population was studied at the regional level on the basis of opinion polls. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to reveal the conditions that promote and hinder the development of lifelong learning system in the region.
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Статья научная
Modernization caused deep and extensive socio-cultural changes in the Russian society. According to the research conducted by the Centre for the Study of Social and Cultural Change of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, modernization processes in Russia are different on the national and regional levels. The republic studies1 show that indexes and phase values of modernization in the Republic of Bashkortostan are lower than in Russia as a whole. Like Russia, the Republic is now in the phase of mature primary modernization. With regard to secondary modernization2, Russia has entered the phase of high medium development and Bashkortostan - a phase of medium medium development. The processes of integrated modernization in Russia are already at the medium medium level, in the Republic - at the low medium level. The secondary modernization leads to the formation of the society that is based on knowledge, and on information and communication systems...
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Maternal age at first birth: dynamics, regional differences, determination
Статья научная
The article presents the research results of the age model at first birth in Russia for the period of 1960-2019 which is available for calculations. The authors demonstrate the compatibility of data on first births from different sources, and calculate the indicator of “mean maternal age at first birth” using the methods of longitudinal and transverse demographic analysis (for real and conditional generations). The researchers have revealed that mother’s age at first birth in the period from the 1960s to 1994 was decreasing from 24.4 to 22.5 years, then it was growing and in 2019 it made up 25.9 years. The age at first birth in “young” real generations is lower than in conventional ones, in 2018-2019, it made up 25.9 years, but in none of real generations of women born in 2000 and older the total count value of this indicator reaches this level. This is evidence of timing shifts in the second half of the 1990s - early 2000s, after which, probably, the delayed births were realized, which caused an increase in the birth rate. The average maternal age at first birth has been calculated for all regions of Russia, showing variability from 23 to 28 years, in most of them the figure made up 25-26 years. The minimum values of the indicator are shown in the republics of Tyva (23.4 years), Dagestan (23.5), Chechnya (23.7), and Zabaykalsky Krai (23.9); the maximum values are revealed in Saint Petersburg (28.0) and Moscow (27.7). The main determinants of motherhood age are the level of education and marital behavior, which indicates the importance of socio-economic independence in the process of reproductive behavior formation. The novelty of the study lies in the use of the author’s approach taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of longitudinal and transverse demographic analysis, which provides reliable data on mother’s age at first birth. From a practical point of view, assessing motherhood age makes it possible to justify the importance of improving the effectiveness of youth and demographic policies.
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Maturity of teenagers' occupational preferences as a factor in their socialization
Статья научная
One of the most acute problems in employment of both the country in general and the region in particular is the structural imbalance caused by the mismatch of professional skills of graduates of educational institutions with labor market requirements. The reason for this process is often an inefficiently structured vocational guidance and lack of close interaction between potential employers and the educational system. The authors analyze the degree of maturity of teenagers' occupational preferences and its impact on timely acceptance of social roles and their skillful performance in accordance with the requirements of the modern innovation-oriented society. The informational base of the study includes data of the 2015 comprehensive survey of children in their mid and late teens enrolled in the Research-Educational Center of ISEDT RAS (8-11 grades). The obtained results suggest that the key issue in terms of occupational self-determination corresponding to teenagers' personal inclinations is their unawareness about the conditions and basic requirements for the profession; about their own physiological capabilities; the inability to compare their preferences with the real abilities...
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of mechanisms of formation and implementation of organizational and managerial components of the region's human capital in the conditions of transition to innovation type of economy. The algorithm of forming the organizational and managerial components of human potential in the conditions of transition to innovation economy is proposed.
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Methodological approaches to the estimation of the regional public health services efficiency
Статья научная
The publication is devoted to the problem of estimation of the regional public health services’ efficiency. In the article the nowadays existing approaches to estimation of the expenses’ efficiency for public health services are discussed, their brief comparative analysis is given. The conclusion about inexpediency of use of the techniques based on the analysis of the resource component of the public health services, without taking into account social effect, is drawn. As an alternative the technique based on the parallel estimation of the financial (the expense for rendering medical aid) and the demographic (losses of the population in the region from premature death rate) parameters is offered.
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Methodology and mechanisms of funding the social welfare system in the northern regions
Статья научная
The article deals with the notion ‘social assistance’ as a form of social protection. It gives the definition of the concept ‘social assistance measures’ and analyzes such forms of social assistance as regular monetary payments, lump-sum payments and monetary compensation provided in the Northern regions. Besides, the article analyzes expenditure obligations of the Russian Federation and its subjects on the provision of social assistance measures. Furthermore, it determines the dynamics of structural changes in the categories of population receiving social support in the Northern regions for the period from 2012 to 2020.
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Статья научная
The priority of the government policy in the current economic and social situation is to maintain constant innovation development in all social spheres; therefore, the formation of middle class as the guarantee of social stability appears to be particularly relevant due to certain characteristic features of middle class representatives. These features include responsibility, high social activity and consciousness. Therefore, research into the size and structure of middle class is one of the main goals of modern sociology. The article analyses the middle class in the region on the basis of sociological surveys conducted in2008-2013 in the Vologda Oblast and in the Northwestern Federal District. The authors present approaches to studying and assessing the middle class, and make an attempt to determine its size. The article proposes an internal structure of the middle class in the region and draws a portrait of a typical representative of this category. The authors have found out that social mobility of the middle class in the region is low due to a number of socio-economic factors; this fact hampers the growth of the middle class up to the quantity determined in the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of the Vologda Oblast for the Period up to 2020.
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Migration attitudes of the students enrolled in arctic-focused higher education programs
Статья научная
The article presents the findings of a sociological survey conducted in the regions that are partially or completely included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Russian Arctic). The goal of our research is to study migration attitudes of students and determine the factors affecting the readiness of future skilled personnel to leave the territory of the Russian Arctic. The survey was conducted among students enrolled in Arctic-focused higher education programs and trained for the needs of the economy and social sphere of the polar regions of Russia in the cities of Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Krasnoyarsk and Yakutsk. The study pays considerable attention to information-related and educational factors associated with the subject matter of the Arctic (“Arctic-focused” education; assessment of the extent of Arctic-related specifics of educational programs; awareness of specifics of formation of the Russian Arctic, and others). According to the results of the survey, migration attitudes of students are identified as quite strong...
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Migratory processes as mirrored by the transformations: border regions in Russia
Статья научная
The article deals with the migration processes which took place in Russia in the post-Soviet transitional period. The migration processes became particularly intense in the border regions thanks to the active policy of the authorities to establish transboundarycooperationwith the foreign countries. The transformational processes in the economic, political and social spheres of Russian society influenced directly over the dynamics of the migration processes.In addition to a detailed analysis of the theoretical foundations of migration researches the authors use the statistical materials, which indicate the dynamics of the migration processes between Russia and the near and far abroad countries.
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