Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
Все статьи: 2167
Статья научная
In the condition of the systematic application of phosphate fertilizer plants unused phosphorus presents in the soil in a reversible condition in the four pools and respectively is available for plants in different amounts, providing a lasting effect as an aftereffect. However, unbalanced unilateral use of low pay and grain yield of phosphate fertilizers in three-field crop rotation determined the need for use of nitrogen- potash fertilizer to enhance phosphate plant nutrition. The purpose of the study is to research the effects of annual and reserve making of superphosphate and phosphorite meal made by N60K60 background and background with manure and N60K60 on crop yields and changes in the content of available phosphorus in the soil for two crop rotations. In many years of field experience of compared stationary forms of phosphate fertilizers in two crop rotations superphosphate with its reserve introduction in combination with manure and nitrogen-potassium fertilizers had the highest - 19.2 m s e/ha productivity of the crops, increased the content of available phosphorus in the topsoil of 11.8 mg/kg, low - 130 kg/ha increase in the costs of mobile phosphorus to 1 mg/100 g in topsoil.
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Efficiency of colza production within application of the marginal analysis
Статья научная
From an economic point of view, economic conditions make rural producers look for different ways of increasing production efficiency and competitiveness of the produced products, but the volatility of the market requires constant consideration of all factors, which ensure the production of colza and the level of its profitability. Production efficiency should be based on an integrated and comprehensive analysis and an integral part of this analysis should be, in our opinion, the margin analysis of the efficiency of crop production.
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Efficiency of usage of different lighting programs in broiler poultry
Статья научная
In the course of scientific experiments the influence of investigated programs of lighting on zootechnical indicators of broiler growing and carcass traits was defined. The lighting program for batch chickens growing was used. It is quite different at fattening of big broilers. It is proved that the lighting program influences on viability and productive qualities of broilers of cross «Ross-308». The developed lighting programs usage at broiler chickens growing in poultry farm conditions provided the increase of economic efficiency, the increase of poultry meat production profitability by 2,96% - at growing big broilers and by 1,61% - at batch chickens fattening.
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Статья научная
It has been studied the inheritance of the differences between Fagopyrum esculentum and F. homotropicum for a number of features which important for breeding (weight of 1000 seeds, the number of nodes in a zone of ramification of the stem, seed dormancy). New approaches to accelerate the improvement of the interspecific hybrids were tested.
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Endogenous and exogenous factors at breeding and exploitation of different cow breeds
Статья научная
Breeding and exploitation of all cultural breeds in industrial scales is enough difficult and the most important an expense enterprise. In this regard the continuous search of balance between the production amount increase (beat and milk) and production cost savings constantly makes stock-breeders create and breed new varieties. Most breeds of dwarf cows are created in India - 26 from 30, here their number in the world permanent increased. Important achievement of selectionists of dwarf breeds was become by privitie of immunity, to high-resistivity of these cows to the different diseases. Milk the productivity of these cows averages in a day to three litres of milk, that taking into account its living mass it is possible to consider a record. Percent correlation of dry fat free remains and fat in milk of these midget zoons practically the same, as well as for ordinary cows. Practice proved that they turned out to very clever and more than that cheap in keeping. In winter there are little expenditures on hay and mixed feed, in summer green lawns and small areas of inarables are excellent pastures for them. Today the cost of dwarf cows calves is in the range of 100$ per animal.
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Статья научная
Monitoring of suspended sediment is important to maintain water quality and geomorphologic balance. Traditional methods based on field surveys only solve the problem on a small scale. Along with the development of remote sensing technology, satellite images are widely used in the study, analysis of suspended sediment. This article presents a method based on spectral mixture analysis to estimate the suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in surface water of the Tri An lake from LANDSAT multispectral images. The results which are obtained in this study can be used to create the map of suspended sediment distribution and to evaluate water quality.
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Статья научная
In the current studies 70 crosses made among different genotypes were evaluated for CLCuV tolerance, better fiber quality and earliness related traits. For evaluation of these traits cluster, PC and correlation analysis was employed to obtain suitable parents and crosses that can be exploited in future breeding programmes. The earliness related traits had positive and significant association among them and days to 1 st boll opening showed its positive association with CLCuV%. Only negative and significant association was found between GOT% and staple length. Principal component (PC) analysis showed first 3 PCs having Eigen value >1 explaining 64.1of the total variation with days to 1 st square and flower were the most important traits in PC1. Cluster analysis classified 70 crosses into four divergent groups. The genotypes in cluster 1 & 3 comprised of genotypes with less attack of CLCuV%, better GOT% along with better fiber quality. The cluster 2 and 4 comprised of some crosses having fair tolerance against CLCuV% and very good GOT% along with low micronaire values. The crosses in cluster 2 and 3 also exhibited desirable values of earliness related traits. The results concluded that the diversity among the genotypes could be utilized for cultivar breeding and germplasm conservation programs aimed at improving CLCuV% tolerance with better fiber quality.
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Estimation of soybean parent material for disease vulnerability
Статья научная
The usage of the resistant varieties in the soybean protection system takes a leading place in the Far East. The article gives the results of estimation the soybean parent material for resistance to Septoria glycines and Peronospora manschurica. The greatest number of samples which are resistant to S.glycines were revealed from West - European and East - Asian groups (58,5-62,5%). 19 varieties and variety samples that were affected with P.manschurica, 31.6% are the varieties of the Amur region.
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Статья научная
Erosion is one of the land degradation causes, having seriously effect on the living environment and manufacturing activities, especially in the upland and agricultural areas. Climate change and human activity are the main causes of soil erosion, which becomes increasingly serious. Remote sensing and GIS techniques which have advantages over traditional methods can be effectively applied for monitoring natural disaster and soil erosion. This paper presents result for soil erosion mapping in upland area of Thanh Hoa province (Lang Chanh district, Vietnam) using Landsat multispectral image and GIS. The result obtained in this study can be used to service monitoring and minimize the damage caused by soil erosion.
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Evaluation of wood introduced species in plantations of public areas in Orel region
Статья научная
In article the data of long-term studies of the composition and condition of woody exotic species in plantations of common use of Orel region are cited. Identified areas where the most promising as a source of attraction for further introductory material work.
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Experimental assessment of influence of composite fuel on diesel operation in idle mode
Статья научная
Unfavorable condition of the diesel engine is a separate idle mode, which is characterized by incomplete combustion, wasteful fuel consumption and increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. To evaluate the feasibility of using radish oil (RadishO) as the biological component of the diesel composite fuel (DCF) the experimental studies of tractor diesel engine D-243 at idle were conducted and the degree of the effect of different composition of radish and mineral fuel on economic and ecological indicators of diesel engine is determined. The best ecological indicators are observed at diesel operation on composite fuel RadishO 50% + 50% DF.
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Field tests of a new complex preparation for wheat
Статья научная
Modern intensive plant growing is impossible without using fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and plant immunomodulators. Sometimes it is more profitable to produce the synthesis of the necessary substances technologically, not chemically. The advantage of using cells metabolites over pesticides and chemical fertilizers is their complex positive effect and high efficiency that allow applying biologically active preparations in minimal doses. Being natural these substances are not accumulated in the environment and easily utilized in it. The purpose of the research is to study the physiological aspects of using new biotechnological complex preparation of immunocorrective action and its effect on winter wheat productivity in the industrial experiment on the base of Joint-Stock Company "Beryozki". The complex preparation was obtained on the basis of the bioflavonoids from the buckwheat green parts (patent № 2463759).
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Статья научная
The main goal of our research was to determine the variability model and fluctuating asymmetry indices of the metric signs of Betula pendula as a typical species which grow uniformly in the Orel region and Orel.The following problems were solved:to collect material in the planting of silver birch in two areas;to determine the parameters of Betula pendula leaf blade and the level of its asymmetry; to explore the basic statistical properties of the asymmetry parameters of the individual features characterizing the asymmetry of the whole object;to substantiate the use of Betula pendula in urban ecosystems for gardening and landscaping. The estimation of the changes of developmental stability Betula pendula in biotopes with different levels of anthropogenic impact is carried out. The character of the fluctuating asymmetry of Betula pendula place in the Orel region and Orel, in areas with weak and strong anthropogenic impact, has been studied. Found that the deterioration of the ecological state of urban environment does not determine the reduction of the population development stability of Betula pendula and can testify to its tolerance to environmental contamination.
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Статья научная
Researches were conducted on studying forage productivity and nutritional value of spring triticale under its growing in single-species and mixed sowings for green forage in comparison with traditional pea-oats mixture in the conditions of the first Western forest-steppe agroclimatic zone of Belgorod region. The high effectiveness of growing spring triticale in single-species and mixed sowings is proved by the results of yield record of green mass, its high protein content. Two-, three- and four-component mixtures with spring triticale don’t concede in yield to control mixture, and the highest yield was obtained in mixture pea+oats+spring triticale. Barley and oats have the highest competitive capacity and aggressiveness in agrocenosis, while pea leaf has the least one. The content of raw protein in dry substance is high in mixture pea+spring triticale (30:70) and corresponds to the regulatory requirements to the quality of green forages. The output of digestible protein from 1 hectare of sowing, the output of forage units, forage-protein units, metabolizable energy, provision of 1 forage unit with digestible protein were calculated for evaluation of forage productivity. The green mass of spring triticale in single-species sowing and mixture pea+barley+spring triticale differ in the highest energy nutritiousness, and have high content of metabolizable energy and energy forage units in 1 kg of green mass. The highest output of digestible protein from 1 hectare of sowing was provided by: mixture pea+oats+spring triticale, pea+spring triticale (50:50), and spring triticale in pure form. The highest provision of one forage unit with digestible protein was obtained in mixture pea+spring triticale (50:50), pea+spring triticale (30:70), pea+oats+spring triticale. On the output of oats forage units from 1 hectare of sowings one can define single-species sowings of spring triticale, pea and mixture pea+oats+spring triticale. These variants provide the highest output of feed-protein units and metabolizable energy from 1 hectare of sowings. The increasing of level profitability with comparison with the control variants is observed under growing mixture pea+oats+spring triticale and spring triticale in pure form.
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Formation dynamics of the reproductive parts of the pea cultivars with various types of bean
Статья научная
Weather conditions influence on the formation dynamics of the reproductive organs of pea cultivars with various type of bean has been studied. The genotypic features of flowering, fruit and seed formation productivity have been revealed. A high productivity of the seed formation of cultivar «Kaban» with undisclosed beans and equable load distribution of seed weight on productive nodes has been detected. In adverse conditions at «Tan» and «Venets» cultivars the seed weight was formed on two productive nodes. The load of the lower node increased, which share reached 70.8 and 73.8%. «Kaban» cultivar characterized by more synchronous development of productivity on a plant. Almost a half of the seeds weight fell on lower productive node regardless of the year conditions.
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Forming of the productive properties of table beet seeds due to the treatment with immunocytophyt
Статья научная
These are the results of the investigation of the influence of immunocytophyte on the formation of fruitful qualities of table beet seeds during different terms of using it. It is ascertain, that during the cultivation of seed plants both in the phase of budding and blossoming, the period of vegetation decreases, which leads to reduction of the period of table beet seeds ripening, reduces the seeds fall loses up to 5-5,5%. The tillage of seed plants with immunocytophyte contribute to the increase of muss of 1000 stems in average to 1,2 gramms, the increase of germination to 3-6%, productivity in 3 years to 0,33 t/h.
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Forming the price policy of marketable rape grain considering the market of oil and fat products
Статья научная
Increased attention to the production of rape is caused by a number of energy and economic factors. The first relates to the limited production of the traditional forms of energy, ensuring environmental security, bioenergy development. The second factor is defined by the fact that conditions of managing are encourage agricultural producers to look for different ways to improve the economic efficiency of their production, to ensure the competitiveness of their products. Forming pricing policy and supporting pricing system is a key and priority function of the participants of oil and fat subcomplex. It contributes to achieve sustainable output production and solvent demand of population; overcome the disparity in prices; regulation of relations between the spheres of agriculture. Only taking into account the indicated conditions, it is possible to effectively use of resource potential and changes in the structure of the food complex due to the priority in the production of the most valuable and energy-intensive products and raw materials.
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Статья научная
Genetic analysis of interspecific differences between outcrosser Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and selfer F. homotropicum Ohnishi was conducted in both flower size and number of partial inflorescences. Both the characters are under polygenic control. Plus-alleles are dominant in loci influencing flower size, but are recessive in loci affecting the number of partial inflorescences: the «wild type» of floral display in buckwheat is large showy flowers combined with a small number of partial inflorescence. Evolution of self-pollinated species F. homotropicum was accompanied by reducing flower size only. On the contrary, variety population of cross-pollinator F. esculentum maintains genetic system providing large flower (primitive feature) and large inflorescence (derived feature). The maintaining of the complex of genes that provide a small number of metamers (partial inflorescences) in the inflorescence in the wild forms was likely to optimize pollen regime when population density was low, and seed forming regime in barren conditions of mountains.
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Статья научная
The carried out research pays the readers’ attention to the importance of the rural area development of the Orel region, proves the necessity of the small businesses’ development as one of the conditions of the factors of formation of steady socio-economic way of life in the rural area of the region. The article contains the results of the research of a number of factors influence on the development of small businesses in the country.
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Статья научная
The root system plays an important role in the life of plants. Growth and development of seedlings can fluctuate significantly under the influence of growth conditions. The purpose of the study - to determine the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and depth of soil treatment in completion of growing seedlings of fruit and decorative breeds. Found that mineral fertilizers in high doses enhanced the root growth of seedlings of fruit and decorative breeds. The best root system growth of fruit crops seedlings occurred in variants with applying mineral fertilizers in a dose N 198P 180K 198 for pear seedlings and N 264P 240K 264 for seedlings of apple, cherry and plum with a depth of soil treatment 40 cm. Maximum length of the seedlings roots of decorative crops was identified in the variant with application the dose of N 132P 120K 132. Depth of soil treatment did not affect the growth of roots.
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