Статьи журнала - Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Компьютерные технологии, управление, радиоэлектроника
Все статьи: 1048
Information security of small business: modern condition, problems and the ways of their solutions
Статья научная
The actuality of the investigated problem is caused by the fact that information is the most valuable resource of business. It is substantiated that the peculiarity of small business is the limited financial possibilities allocated for means and methods of information protection. Therefore, the decisions should allow to realize the optimal protection of the information system and data - to ensure the maximum possible result with the limited investment of funds. It is presented the author's approach to the problems of choosing means and methods for protecting information in the conditions of a limited budget and in justifying a set of measures aimed at ensuring information security for small business. The materials of the article can be useful for managers and owners of small business, students of higher and secondary educational institutions of technical and economic direction.
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Статья научная
For major shareholders and heads of industrial enterprises, one of the main problems that they need to address in order to strategically develop these enterprises is the formation of a group of strategic alternatives for the development of the company. However, justifying and choosing the strategic alternative that should ensure the mainstream of this development is also a very complex problem. The article presents a brief description of the information system developed by the author for the formation of strategic alternatives for the development of industrial enterprises, based on two mathematical models. The first of them allows to calculate the dynamics of factors affecting the industrial enterprise, as well as its performance indicators. The second model makes it possible to form a set of alternatives to the company's strategic development based on the results of calculating the first model, which allows its owners and managers to make their informed choice based on selected criteria. The use of this information-analytical system in consulting practice produced good results.
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Informational support of decision-making based on intellectual adaptive forum
Статья научная
This paper focuses on the issue of online forum information overload. Web forum technology are considered, the disadvantages of existing implementations which leads to the problem of information overload are defined. Also, the paper described the existing methods of solutions to this problem. The algorithm of structural and semantic analysis on the web forum that allows combine messages into logical units (subtopics) was offered. Structural web forum adaptation methods based on this algorithm, to automatically structure the web forum posts, according to their semantic content, was proposed. The prospects of using this approach to deal with information overload were shown.
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Integration of fire protection systems based on the digital automatic model
Статья научная
The development of refineries increases the number and scale of fires and accidents, which cause damage both to the facilities themselves and to the surrounding buildings and structures, lives and health of people, the environment. That is why increasing the level of fire protection systems at refineries remains one of the most important components of ensuring the protection of the population from anthropogenic threats. The article presents the results of the analysis of accidents and fires at oil refineries (refinery) for 2015-2019. The issue of necessity to integrate fire protection system at the refinery is considered. The process of creation and functioning of the automated integrated fire protection management system is described in the article. This system is a new approach to solving the issue of safety of industrial facilities of oil refining industry. Creation of a new model of fire protection system based on digital automatic system is described. The article considers the scheme of generalized structure of digital automatic machine and graphs of digital automatic machine of automated integrated fire detection and monitoring system. The developed technology makes it possible to process the incoming signal contained in cyclograms into an intermediate form for synthesis of digital automatic machines by means of innovative tools.
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Статья научная
Today business conduction requires an increasing number of highly diverse factors to be taken into consideration by its proprietors and managers. It is also necessary to analyze the impact of each of the many internal and external processes, which include global changes, social and economic dynamics, state of monetary systems and international markets. The article describes results of the research of the said problem where influence of internal and external factors was taken into account. General management frameworks are reviewed and used for classification of common Russian practices in industrial enterprise management. Industrial enterprise management algorithms advisable for both stable and unstable development of the domestic business and global economy in general are analyzed as well. In the conclusion structure of a modern industrial enterprise information-analytical system is outlined. Analysis of its limitations and implementation impeding factors is given.
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Each cell phone emits electromagnetic waves. This paper describes the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation, EMR (electrical field, magnetic field and far-field radiation pattern in linear and in decibels, dB) and the human head in existence of the mobile phone which consists of three components (plastic casing, metal base antenna and metal washer). The study of the human head model under the influence of cell phone radiation is carried out using the program EM.CUBE. The results of these study showed the possibility of using this program to evaluate the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with biological objects.
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Статья научная
This study examines the perspective of artificial neural networks for forecast Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) on Diyala River basin and also how information about of bioclimatic landscapes will affect to forecasting performance. To do this, in the first stage of the experiment, a total of 20 perceptrons with different one hidden layer architectures were trained with site-specific variables (latitude, longitude, minimal, maximal and mean height, landcover type) and seasonal meteorological variables (precipitation sum, and minimal, maximal and average daily temperatures) by error back propagation algorithm on the data of 2000-2010 years and tested on data for 2011-2016 years. It has been shown that the best performance, with determination coefficient R2 of 0.78, was achieved by perceptron model with 12 hidden neurons the activated by logistic activation function and hyperbolic tangential activation of output value of NDVI. The large spatial heterogeneity of forecasting performance of the best perceptron was detected: in upper part of basin characterized according to Köppen - Trewartha bioclimatic classification, as landscapes of temperate mountain climate and the subtropical climate with dry summers, R2 was 0.76-0.80, whereas in dry steppe landscapes and semi-desert landscapes of Diyala downstream R2 was 0.6-0.7. The second stage of experiments with 20 models of perceptrons where the type of landscape was added as input variable or where 150 individual perceptrons were selected for each landscape, have shown that these approaches allows to R2 increase up to 0.73-0.85. However, the strong contrast between characteristics of individual models complicates their use in the practice and requires to finding of new forecasting approaches.
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Leveraging an enterprise social network for employee behavior modeling and forecasting
Статья научная
The article evaluates the capabilities of an Enterprise Social Network to monitor and predict employee behaviors using an Enterprise social network. In recent years, Enterprise Social Networks, such as Microsoft’s Yammer have become popular in the United States industry. As a rule, they are used as a platform for facilitating employee collaboration. The functionality of Enterprise Social Networks, however, supports their other, much broader, uses as drivers of change in organizational effectiveness. These uses include: • Collecting and analyzing data on employee sentiment and behaviors. Establishing employee sentiment and behavior baselines • Setting organizational effectiveness goals • Creating organizational effectiveness metrics and setting targets • Systematically monitoring organizational effectiveness goals against the targets and identifying gaps • Creating and managing various programs for improving organizational effectiveness • Supporting and sustaining organizations and groups, such as change networks • Simulating desired behaviors in a controlled environment to establish, reinforce, and sustain the behaviors • Modeling employee behaviors and sentiment • Gauging short-term and long-term changes and trends in employee behaviors and sentiment over time to evaluate success of individual programs and organizational effectiveness in general • Forecasting a change in employee behaviors and sentiment • Reporting progress against set targets These capabilities allow for successfully leveraging an Enterprise Social Network as a platform for the forecasting and modeling of employee behaviors. Target audiences for this article include Senior Leadership, members of the Project Management Organizations (PMO), Organizational Change Management Organizations (OCMO), the training teams, and organizational development consultants.
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Linearized stability principle for differential equations with delays
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In this article а linearized global stability principle is announced for nonlinear delay differential equations which is illustrated by several models of Population Dynamics. Is given а review of some mathematical models with possible applications of the linearized principle is presented.
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Management automation of construction organization based on building information modeling (BIM)
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Two information barriers were identified that influenced the phenomenon “organization management” as a process. As a result of the first barrier was a need to differentiate management functions by individuals. The second barrier was the impulse for the introduction of automation in the management of the organization. Initially, automation concerned only with the solution of local problems. Over time, automated control systems made it possible to integrate the activities of the entire organization. Building information modeling technology (BIM) currently allows you to take into account the increased flow of data on construction projects at all stages of the life cycle. There are significant differences in the construction process, which should be reflected in information management systems: product immobility, territorial disunity of the final product, the long duration of the production cycle, the diversity and interchangeability of the resources consumed, the multivariant nature of technological solutions, the difficulty of standard technology work, the difficulty of combining work, the influence of natural factors. The basis of management in construction is the “model of the object of management”. One of the elements of this basic model is the project technological dependencies model (PTDM). This model allows increase the reliability of management decisions. The model is based on quantitative assessments of technological relationships between work.
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Статья научная
The specifics of human resource management primarily consider the work with the personnel of enterprises and organizations, and the basic concept that existed earlier said that the human resource and personnel of enterprises and organizations are some expenses that need to be constantly repaid. Now, personnel-human resources are considered as the resources of the enterprise, and this approach is used to increase the understanding of the belonging of employees and more effective use of their competencies in the organization system. Respectively, as resources are one of the most important characteristics of the enterprise and personnel should be attributed to the resources necessary for the sustainable development and functioning of the enterprise. The general concept of human resource management provides for a set of certain beliefs and suggestions that are formed and focused in one company, so you can talk about the corporate culture, about specific factors that are accepted in the company, and are, in turn, also a certain resource. The aim of the study is to form an up-to-date approach to improving the efficiency of human resource management at an industrial enterprise. Materials and methods. As part of the materials and methods, it is necessary to note the analysis of approaches, methods and models of human resource management presented in the scientific and technical literature, as well as the results of their implementation in the practice of industrial enterprise management. Results. The article substantiates the main scientific provisions and the need to form a general strategy for personnel development, which forms employees' self-determination in the organizational structure of the enterprise and the vector of their development, and the management has a clear idea in the development of personnel management decisions. Conclusion. A vague formulation, the absence of a personnel development strategy or its inconsistency with the general strategy of the enterprise and the dynamics of the influence of external and internal factors creates some uncertainty, which further leads to the “turnover” of personnel and does not allow achieving the goals set by the management of the enterprise.
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Managerial decision-making model taking into account technological development of the enterprise
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In the conditions of accelerating scientific and technological progress, it is required to make effective managerial decisions to raise the level of competitiveness of Russian enterprises. In the article, the model that allows increasing the effectiveness of managerial decisions taking into account the level of technological development of enterprise is described. Through the implementing indicators linking technological process and the financial results of the enterprise, it is shown the ability of making strategic management decisions related to the necessity for improving current processes or the possible transition to new technology.
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Managing the flow of information on an enterprise social network
Статья научная
Using an Enterprise social network called Yammer as an example the article examines the practices for managing the flow of information on an Enterprise social network. Enterprise social networks are fairly common in today’s workplace. They serve many purposes. Some social networks help promote a collaborative work environment. They support employee interaction within a group. These networks have proven effective as a way to improve communication between project team members and between company employees in general. Enterprise social networks, however, can also offer a platform for promoting a broad cultural change in a company. When it comes to influencing human behavior, their role is paramount. The role of an Enterprise social network in promoting a culture change in a company, however, is far less explored than its role as a communication means. In the US industry, a specific discipline studies and employs the practices of influencing employee behavior and motivations. This discipline is called Organizational Change Management (OCM). OCM is specifically interested in studying new channels for relaying information about a change to employees. How do you best manage the flow of information in a corporate social network to achieve maximum efficiency? What is the best communication channel to influence employee behaviors to achieve and sustain company goals? This article examines the practices of channeling information to company employees and from employees to Senior Leadership using an Enterprise social network. Target audiences for this article include Senior Management, members of the Project Manage-ment Organizations (PMO), Organizational Change Management Organizations (OCMO), training teams, and organizational development consultants.
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Material resources efficiency evaluation method for manufacturing systems with generalized structure
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This paper describes a new approach to material resources efficiency evaluation for industrial enterprises. This approach is based on material flow cost accounting and is aimed at reconciliation of economic and environmental aspects of the production process. A new mathematical model of material flows’ cost introduced in generalized form, its differences from standard model are shown. In particular, given model takes into account production process’ time parameters and can be used for analysis of systems with an arbitrary structure; it does, however, require significantly more input data, as calculations make use of momentary material flows’ values and not accumulated values for a time period. With the help of new model cases are illustrated, in which application of standard method can provide incorrect information. Based on the model, three types of material resources efficiency indicators are formulated and a way of their application in optimal planning procedures is shown. Finally, advantages and drawbacks of the method in general are discussed, as well as prospects of its further development.
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Mathematical model of geodinamic risk assessment
Статья научная
A mathematical model of geodynamic disasters assessment, specifically earthquakes, based on an analysis of geodynamic instability indirect indicators, namely, horizontal gradients of gravity anomalies in isostatic reduction, is presented in this paper. Special attention is paid to the probability mathematical model of assessment of seismic risks, the core of which is the representation of probable geodynamic states of geologic environment as a simplest event flow, followed by the construction of the Kolmogorov differential equations system. The principal results of the practical application of the mathematical models developed by the authors to assess seismic risks exemplified by way of the examples of the Baikal region and the north-western territory in Turkey are given and considered herein.
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Mathematical modeling of walking machines with one-axis body
Статья научная
The models walking machine (WM) with one-axis body are considered. Their kinematic schemes are providing the maximum carrying capacity and minimum actuators' power consumption for implementing the specified body movement. The solution of the dynamics equations (DE) for one-axis WM (OWM) are obtained. These DE contain OWM-N kinematic, geometric and simulation parameters, where N is any real number more than 5. The number of mathematical operations obtained in DE are minimal. DE are presented in two forms: first, as a system of differential-algebraic equations where differential equations contain the dynamic reaction at the support points, and algebraic equations describe the relations between the support feet and supporting plane. And secondly, as a system of N second degree differential equations with the excluded relation reactions. Formula of calculating dynamic reactions at the support points is as simple as possible. Formulas for calculating dynamic reactions at pivot points of such WM are derived. The authors also describe algorithms for solving dynamics tasks arising while studying WM walking and give examples.
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Mathematical models of replacement and wearing of equipment
Статья научная
Resolving issues of effective use of equipment is a one of the most important problem while managing industrial production. Minor and major structuring repairs of the equipment and its replacement are connected with considerable material, labour and financial expenses. Besides, equipment downtimes influence significantly the efficiency of industrial production in general. In the article mathematical models of problems of replacement of the equipment at the determined and stochastic information for a limited and unlimited period are described. Moreover, there is a model of replacement of the equipment which uses the terms of network modelling, also algorithms of dynamic programming are used when modelling a problem of replacement of the equipment. On the basis of the offered models, the generalizing algorithm of the solution of a problem of replacement of the equipment is constructed. Also it is shown that taking a factor of uncertainty at the solution of problems of this class into account is important. The received results can be used to design an optimum strategy of replacement of the equipment at a manufacturing enterprise.
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Merge of microelectronics and human nervous system
Статья научная
The main theoretical aspects necessary for understanding the functioning of biological neural networks for the purpose of their subsequent reproduction in the form of equivalent electronic devices are considered in the article. The devices used for the last 4 years for direct interaction with neurons and their drawbacks are considered, as well as a model of a flexible and effective device, that does not face the problems discussed and allows interacting directly with the human nervous system at several levels.
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Carrying out projects on improving technological processes is one of the crucial tasks of manufacturing enterprise management. Nowadays increasing the number of successful projects of this sort and as a result solving a problem of choosing an object to carry out similar researches on from the total number of technological processes of an enterprise is a pressing issue. A method of selecting technologies to implement projects on their improvement based on mathematical tools of fuzzy sets, which uses the data on the performance of a technology in the past as well as the data on the potential for development of such technology in the future is described in this article. The above ensures the increase in efficiency of selection compared with the ways based only on historical information. In the method offered, classical selection criteria exposed to fuzzification are used. Then all the operations are performed on fuzzy sets. The output is a ranked list of technologies of the enterprise with a high degree of probability of implementation of the project on its improvement. An apparent advantage of the proposed method is using mathematical tools of the theory of fuzzy sets allowing implementing a process of selecting technologies in intuitively clear terms that simplifies the implementation of the method into managerial practices of a manufacturing enterprise.
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Статья научная
The use of neural networks for the classification of text data is an important area of digital transformation of socio-economic systems. The article is devoted to the description of the methodology for classifying citizens' appeals. The proposed technique involves the use of a convolutional neural network. The stages of processing citizens' appeals in the amount of 7000 appeals are described. In order to reduce the dimension of the problem, methods of filtering and removing stop words were applied. The resulting data set allows you to choose the best classifier in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity. Training and test samples were used, as well as cross-validation. The article shows the effectiveness of using this method to distribute requests on 15 topics of citizens' appeals to the “hotline” of the President of the Russian Federation. Automating the classification of received appeals by topic allows them to be processed quickly for further study by the relevant departments. The purpose of the study is automation of the distribution of citizens' appeals to the President's hotline by category based on the use of modern machine learning methods. Materials and methods. The development of software that automates the process of distributing citizens into categories is carried out using a convolutional neural network written in the Python programming language. Results. With the help of the prepared data set, the pre-trained model of NL BERT and sciBERT was trained by the deep learning method. The model shows an accuracy of 86% in the estimates of quality metrics. Conclusion. A pre-trained model was trained using a convolutional neural model using a prepared data set. Even if the forecast does not match the real category, the model gives a minor error, correctly determines the category of the appeal. The results obtained can be recommended for practical application by authors of scientific publications, scientific institutions, editors and reviewers of publishing houses.
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