Лечение местно-распространенного неоперабельного рака желудка: современное состояние и перспективы

Лечение местно-распространенного неоперабельного рака желудка: современное состояние и перспективы

Автор: Ружникова Анна Алексеевна, Кононова Галина Владимировна, Вальков Михаил Юрьевич

Журнал: Вестник Российского научного центра рентгенорадиологии Минздрава России @vestnik-rncrr

Рубрика: Обзоры

Статья в выпуске: 2 т.13, 2013 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Рак желудка (РЖ) занимает 2 место в структуре летальности от онкологических заболеваний. Доля больных исходно местно-распространенным неоперабельным раком желудка (МРНРЖ) составляет до 30%. Только 25-40% больных локализованной аденокарциномой желудка могут быть кандидатами для потенциально радикального хирургического лечения. До настоящего времени не существует единого стандарта в лечении таких больных. Все виды лечения можно подразделить на: 1) направленные на продление жизни (химиотерапия (ХТ), таргетная терапия (ТТ), лучевая терапия (ЛТ)); 2) направленные на снятие симптомов (ХТ, ЛТ, паллиативные операции, лазерная деструкция, фотодинамическая терапия, аргоноплазменная коагуляция и др.). Настоящий обзор посвящен современному состоянию методов лечения при МРНРЖ на основе доказательств, полученных из рандомизированных исследований и метаанализов, а также перспективы развития методов.

Еще

Местно-распространенный неоперабельный рак желудка, лучевая терапия, лекарственная терапия, симптоматическая терапия

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14955396

IDR: 14955396

Список литературы Лечение местно-распространенного неоперабельного рака желудка: современное состояние и перспективы

  • Важенин А.В. Лучевая терапия в комбинированном и паллиативном лечении рака желудка. Челябинск. 2000. 198 c.
  • Вальков М.Ю., Золотков А.Г., Асахин C. М., Калашников А.Р. Возможности лучевой терапии при неоперабельном раке желудка.//Паллиативная медицина и реабилитация. 1999. № 2. 41с.
  • Вальков М.Ю., Петелин Г.И., Мардынский Ю.С., с соавт. Лучевая терапия до условно радикальной дозы в лечении больных местно-распространенным неоперабельным раком желудка.//Российский онкологический журнал. 2008. № 3. C. 29-34.
  • Давыдов М. И. Современные методы диагностики и лечения рака желудка.//Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и колопроктологии. 1997. № 1. C. 35-38.
  • Петелин Г. И. Лучевая терапия в лечении больных местно-распространенным неоперабельным раком желудка: автореферат диссертации кандидата медицинских наук: 14.00.19/Петелин Григорий Иванович; Северный государственный медицинский университет. Обнинск. 2007. 18 с.
  • Чиссов В.И., Старинский В.В. Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2009 году.//Москва: ФГУ «МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена Росмедтехнологий», 2010 г. C. 28.
  • Ajani J.A., Fairweather J., Dumas P. et al. Phase II study of Taxol in patients with advanced gastric carcinomas.//Cancer Journal From Scientific American. 1998. V. 4. P. 269-274.
  • Ajani J.A., Lee F.C., Singh D.A. et al. Multicenter phase II trial of S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006. V. 24. P. 663667.
  • Ajani J.A., Rodriguez G., Bodoky G. et al. Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. 2009. Multicenter phase III comparison of cisplatin/S-1 (CS) with cisplatin/5-FU (CF) as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (FLAGS).//Gastrointestinal Cancer Research. 2009. V. 3. N6. P. 239-244.
  • Al-Batran S.-E., Hartmann J.T., Probst S. et al. Phase III Trial in Metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with fluorouracil, leucovorin plus either oxaliplatin or cisplatin: A study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2008. V. 26. P. 1435-1442.
  • Bamias A., Hill M.E., Cunningham D. et al. Epirubicin, cisplatin and protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.//Cancer. 1996. V. 77. P. 1978-1985.
  • Bang Y.J., Kang W.K., Kang Y.K. et al. Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 is active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer: a phase II trial.//Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2002. V. 32. P. 248-254.
  • Bang Y.-J., Kang Y.-K., Kang W. et al. Phase II study of sunitinib as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer.//Investigational New Drugs. 2010. P. 1-10.
  • Bang Y.-J., Van Cutsem E., Feyereislova A. et al. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomized controlled trial.//Lancet. 2010. V. 376 (9742). P. 687-97.
  • Bleiberg H., Goffin J.C., Dalesio O. et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in resectable gastric cancer. A randomized trial of the gastro-intestinal tract cancer cooperative group of the EORTC.//European Journal of Surgical Oncology. 1989. V. 15. P. 535-543.
  • Boku N., Yamamoto S., Shirao K. et al. Randomized phase III study of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone versus combination of irinotecan and cisplatin (CP) versus S-1 alone in advanced gastric cancer (JCOG9912).//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007. V. 25. N 18S. P. Abstract LBA4513.
  • Bozzetti F., Bonfanti G., Audisio R.A. et al. Prognosis of patients after palliative surgical procedures for carcinoma of the stomach.//Surg Gynecol Obstet journal. 1987. V. 164. P. 151-154.
  • Cervantes A., Villar-Grimalt A., Abad A. et al. 5-Fluorouracil, folinic acid, epidoxorubicin and cisplatin (FLEP) combination chemotherapy in advanced measurable gastric cancer. A phase II trial of the Spanish Cooperative Group for Gastrointestinal Tumor Therapy (TTD).//Annals of Oncology. 1993. V. 4. P. 753-757.
  • Cocconi G. Chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer: to be completely rewritten?//Annals of Oncology. 1994. V. 5. P. 8-11.
  • Crew K.D., Neugut A.I. Epidemiology of gastric cancer.//World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2006. V. 12. N 3. P. 354-362.
  • Cullinan S., Moertel C., Fleming F. et al. A comparison of three chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of advanced pancreatic and gastric carcinoma: fluorouracil versus fluorouracil and doxorubicin versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin and mitomycin.//Journal of the American Medical Association. 1985. V. 253. P. 2061-2067.
  • Cunningham D., Allum W.H., Stenning S.P. et al. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer.//New England Journal of Medicine. 2006. V. 355. P. 11-20.
  • Cunningham D., Starling N., Rao S. et al. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin for advanced esophagogastric cancer.//New England Journal of Medicine. 2008. V. 358. P. 36-46.
  • Cusumano A., Ruol A., Segalin A. et al. Push-through intubation: effective palliation in 409 patients with cancer of the esophagus and cardia.//Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1992. V. 53. P. 1010-1014.
  • Dank M., Zaluski J., Barone C. et al. Randomized phase 3 trial of irinotecan (CPT-11) + 5FU/folinic acid (FA) vs CDDP + 5FU in 1st-line advanced gastric cancer patients.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2005. ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings. V. 23. N. 16S. Part I of II. P. 4003.
  • Ekbom G.A., Gleysteen J.J. Gastric malignancy: resection for palliation.//Surgery. 1980. V. 88. P. 476-481.
  • Enzinger P., Burtness B., Hollis D. et al. CALGB 80403/ECOG 1206: A randomized phase II study of three standard chemotherapy regimens (ECF., IC., FOLFOX) plus cetuximab in metastatic esophageal and GE junction cancer.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2010. V. 28(15s). P. abstract 4006.
  • Falkson G., van Eden E.B. A controlled clinical trial of fluorouracil plus imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno plus vincristine plus bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea plus radiotherapy in stomach cancer.//Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1976. V. 2. P. 111-117.
  • Gohmann J.J., Macdonald J.S. Chemotherapy of gastric cancer.//Cancer Investigation. 1989. V. 7. P. 39-52.
  • Gunderson L., Hoskins B., Cohen A.M. Combined modality treatment of gastric cancer.//International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 1983. V. 9. P. 965.
  • Hallissey M.T., Dunn J.A., Ward L.C., Allum W.H. The second British Stomach Cancer Group trial of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy in resectable gastric cancer: five-year follow-up.//Lancet. 1994. V. 28; N 343(8909). P. 1309-1312.
  • Han S.W., Oh D.Y., Im S.A. et al. Phase II study and biomarker analysis of cetuximab combined with modified FOLFOX6 in advanced gastric cancer.//British Journal of Cancer. 2009.V. 100. N 2.P. 298-304.
  • Hartgrink H.H., Putter H., Klein K.E. et al. Value of palliative resection in gastric cancer.//British Journal of Surgery. 2002. V. 89. P. 1438-1443.
  • Haugstvedt T., Viste A., Eide G.E., Soreide O. The survival benefit of resection in patients with advanced stomach cancer: the Norwegian multicenter experience. Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial.//World Journal of Surgery. 1989. V. 13. P. 617-621.
  • Honecker F., Kollmannsberger C., Quietzsch D. et al. Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel plus 24-h continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and 3-weekly cisplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.//Anticancer Drugs. 2002. V. 13. P. 497-503.
  • Hui-yan Luoa, Rui-hua Xua, Feng Wanga et al. Phase II Trial of XELOX as First-Line Treatment for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer.//Chemotherapy 2010; 56: 94-100.
  • Icli F., Celik I., Aykan F. et al. A randomized phase III trial of etoposide, epirubicin, and cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma.//Cancer. 1998. V. 83. P. 2475-2480.
  • Isozaki H., Okajima K., Kawashima Y. et al. Relative non-curative resection of gastric cancer: a review of 106 cases.//Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1993. V. 39. P. 657-662.
  • Jemal A., Bray F., Center M.M. et al. Global cancer statistics.//CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2011. V. 61. P. 69-90.
  • Kang Y., Kang W.K., Shin D.B. et al. Randomized phase III trial of capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) vs. continuous infusion of 5-FU/cisplatin (FP) as firstline therapy in patients (pts) with advanced gastric cancer (AGC): Efficacy and safety results.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006. V. 24. P. 18S (Abstract LBA4018).
  • Kelsen D., Atiq O.T., Saltz L. et al. FAMTX versus etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin: a random assignment trial in gastric cancer.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1992. V. 10. P. 541-548.
  • Kim C., Lee J.-L., Choi Y. et al. Phase I dose-finding study of sorafenib in combination with capecitabine and cisplatin as a first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer.//Investigational New Drugs. 2012. V. 30. N. 1. P. 306-315.
  • Kim C., Lee J.-L., Ryu M.-H. et al. A prospective phase II study of cetuximab in combination with XELOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) in patients with metastatic and/or recurrent advanced gastric cancer.//Investigational New Drugs. 2011. V. 29. N. 2. P. 366-373.
  • Klaassen D.J., MacIntyre J.M., Catton G.E. et al. Treatment of locally unresectable cancer of the stomach and pancreas: a randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil alone with radiation plus concurrent and maintenance 5-fluorouracil-an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1985. V. 3. P. 373-378.
  • Klein H.O. Long-term results with FAMTX (5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, methotrexate) in advanced gastric cancer.//Cancer Research. 1989. V. 9. P. 1025-1026.
  • Knyrim K., Wagner H.J., Bethge N et al. A controlled trial of an expansile metal stent for palliation of esophageal obstruction due to inoperable cancer.//New England Journal of Medicine.1993. V. 329. P. 1302-1307.
  • Koizumi W., Kurihara M., Nakano S. et al. Phase II study of S-1, a novel oral derivative of 5-fluorouracil, in advanced gastric cancer. For the S-1 Cooperative Gastric Cancer Study Group.//Oncology. 2000. V. 58. P. 191-197.
  • Koizumi W., Narahara H., Hara T. et al. S-1 plus cisplatin versus S-1 alone for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer (SPIRITS trial): A phase III trial.//Lancet Oncology. 2008. V. 9. P. 215-221.
  • Koizumi W., Saigenji K., Ujiie S. et al. A pilot phase II study of capecitabine in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer.//Oncology. 2003. V. 64. P. 232-236.
  • Kollmannsberger C., Quietzsch D., Haag C. et al. A phase II study of paclitaxel, weekly, 24-hour continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer.//British Journal of Cancer. 2000. V. 83. P. 458-462.
  • Kyoto Research Group for chemotherapy of Gastric Cancer. Randomised, comparative study of combination chemotherapies in advanced gastric cancer: 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) versus 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and 4’-epirubicin (FPEPIR).//Anticancer Research. 1992. V. 12. P. 1983-1988.
  • Loizou L.A., Rampton D., Atkinson M. et al. A prospective assessment of quality of life after endoscopic intubation and laser therapy for malignant dysphagia.//Cancer. 1992. V. 70. P. 386-391.
  • Macdonald J.S. Gastric cancer: chemotherapy of advanced disease.//Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 1992. V. 10. P. 37-42.
  • Macdonald J.S., Smalley S.R., Benedetti J. et al. Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction.//New England Journal of Medicine. 2001. V. 345. P. 725-730.
  • Maekawa S., Saku M., Maehara Y. et al. Surgical treatment for advanced gastric cancer.//Hepatogastroenterology. 1996. V. 43. P. 178-186.
  • Mantell B.S. Radiotherapy for dysphagia due to gastric carcinoma.//British Journal of Surgery. 1982. P. 69-70.
  • Meijer S., De Bakker O.J., Hoitsma H.F. Palliative resection in gastric cancer.//Journal of Surgical Oncology. 1983. V. 23. P. 77-78.
  • Moehler M., Mueller A., Hartmann J.T., et al. An openlabel, multicentre biomarker-oriented AIO phase II trial of sunitinib for patients with chemo-refractory advanced gastric cancer.//European Journal of Cancer. 2011. V. 47. N. 10. P. 1511-1520.
  • Moertel C. G., Childs D.S. Jr, Reitemeier R.J., et al. Combined 5-fluorouracil and supervoltage radiation therapy of locally unresectable gastrointestinal cancer.//Lancet. 1969. V. 2. P. 865-867.
  • Moertel C. G., Rubin J., O’Connell M.J. et al. A phase II study of combined 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1986. V. 4. P. 1053-1057.
  • Monson J.R., Donohue J.H., McIlrath D.C. et al. Total gastrectomy for advanced Cancer. A worthwhile palliative procedure.//Cancer. 1991.V. 68. P. 1863-1868.
  • Murad A.M., Santiago F.F., Petroianu A et al. Modified therapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced gastric Cancer.//Cancer. 1993. V. 72. P. 3741.
  • Myint A.S. The role of radiotherapy in the palliative treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.//European Journal of Gastroenterology &Hepatology. 2000. V. 12. P. 381-390.
  • O‘Connell M.J., Gunderson L.L., Moertel C.G., Kvols L.K. A pilot study to determine clinical tolerability of intensive combined modality therapy for locally unresectable gastric cancer.//International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 1985. V. 11. P. 1827.
  • Ohtsu A., Boku N., Tamura F. et al. An early phase II study of a 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel for advanced gastric cancer.//American Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1998. V. 21. P. 416-419.
  • Ohtsu A., Shah M.A., Van Cutsem E., et al. Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011. V. 29. N. 30. P. 3968-3976.
  • Ohtsu A., Shimada Y., Shirao K. et al. Randomized phase III trial of fluorouracil alone versus fluorouracil plus cisplatin versus uracil and tegafur plus mitomycin in patients with
  • unresectable, advanced gastric cancer: the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG9205).//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2003. V. 21. P. 54-59.
  • Ouchi K., Sugawara T., Ono H. et al. Therapeutic significance of palliative operations for gastric cancer for survival and quality of life.//Journal of Surgical Oncology. 1998. V. 69. P. 41-44.
  • Perez C., Brady L.W., Halperin E.C. Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. 4th ed: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2004. P. 2115.
  • Pinto C., Di Fabio F., Barone C., et al. Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (DOCETUX study).//British Journal of Cancer. 2009. V. 101. N. 8. P. 1261-1268.
  • Pinto C., Di Fabio F., Siena S., et al. Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FOLCETUX study).//Annals of Oncology. 2007. V. 18 N. 3. P. 510-517.
  • Pishvaian M., Sakaeva D., Hsieh R.K. A global, multicenter phase II trial of lapatinib plus capecitabine in gastric cancer.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011. V. 29 (suppl 4; abstr 88).
  • Preusser P., Wilke H., Achterrath W. et al. Phase II study with the combination of etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin in advanced measurable gastric cancer.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1989. V. 7. P. 1407-1417.
  • Pyrhonen S., Kuitunen T., Nyandoto P. et al. Randomised comparison of fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer.//British Journal of Cancer. 1995. V. 71. P. 587-591.
  • Ross P., Nicolson M., Cunningham D. et al. Prospective randomized trial of comparing mitomycin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) with epirubicin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in advanced esophagogastric cancer.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2002. V. 20. P. 1996-2004.
  • Roth A.D., Fazio N., Stupp R. et al. Docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil; docetaxel and cisplatin; and epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil as systemic treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma: A randomized phase II trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007. V. 25. P. 3217-3223.
  • Ryoo B.Y., Kim T.W., Choi S.J. et al. A phase II trial of paclitaxel (T) and carboplatin (C) for advanced gastric cancer refractory to 5-fluorouracil (F) and cisplatin/heptaplatin (P).//American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001. V. 20. P. 128b.
  • Sakata Y., Ohtsu A., Horikoshi N. et al. Late phase II study of novel oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug S-1 (1Mtegafur-0.4Mgimestat-1Motastat potassium) in advanced gastric cancer patients.//European Journal of Cancer. 1998. V. 34. P. 1715-1720.
  • Schein P., Novak J. (for GITSG). Combined modality therapy (XRT-chemo) versus chemotherapy alone for locally unresectable gastric cancer.//Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 1982. V. 49. P. 1771.
  • Scheithauer W., Kornek G., Hejna M. et al. Palliative chemotherapy versus best supportive care in patients with metastatic gastric cancer: a randomized trial.//Annals of Hematology. 1996; Vol. 73 (Suppl 2). P. A181.
  • Shah M.A., Jhawer M., Ilson D.H., et al. Phase II study of modified docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil with bevacizumab in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011. V. 29. N. 7. P. 868-74.
  • Shah M.A., Ramanathan R.K., Ilson D.H., et al. Multicenter phase II study of irinotecan, cisplatin, and bevacizumab in patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006. V. 24. N. 33. P. 5201-5206.
  • Shitara K., Sawaki A., Matsuo K.et al. A retrospective comparison of S-1 plus cisplatin and capecitabine plus cisplatin for patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer.//International Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012. P. (abstract 22552360).
  • Sulkes A., Smyth J., Sessa C. et al. Docetaxel (Taxotere) in advanced gastric cancer: results of a phase II clinical trial. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group.//British Journal of Cancer. 1994. V. 70. P. 380-383.
  • Sun W., Powell M., O’Dwyer P.J., et al. Phase II study of sorafenib in combination with docetaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic or advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: ECOG 5203.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2010. V. 28. N. 18. P. 2947-2951.
  • Takahashi M., Abe M. Intra-operative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the stomach.//European Journal of Surgical Oncology. 1986. V. 12. P. 247.
  • Tebbutt N., Sourjina T., Strickland A. et al. ATTAX: Randomised phase II study evaluating weekly docetaxel-based chemotherapy combinations in advanced esophago-gastric cancer, final results of an AGITG trial.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007. V. 25. P. 4528a.
  • Tey J., Back M.F., Shakespeare T.P. et al. The role of palliative radiation therapy in symptomatic locally advanced gastric cancer.//International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 2007. V. 67. P. 385-388.
  • The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group: randomised study of combination chemotherapy in unresectable gastric Cancer.//Cancer. 1984. V. 5. P. 13-17.
  • The-Gastrointestinal-Tumor-Study-Group. The concept of locally advanced gastric cancer.//Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 1990. V. 66. P. 2324.
  • Tsukiyama I., Akine Y., Kajiura Y. Radiation therapy for advanced gastric cancer.//International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 1988. V. 15. N. 1. P. 123-127.
  • Wagner A.D., Grothe W., Haerting J. et al. Chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on aggregate data.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006. V. 24. P. 2903-2909.
  • Wagner A.D., Unverzagt S. et al. Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (Review).//The Cochrane Collaboration, 2010.
  • Van Cutsem E., Moiseyenko V. M., Tjulandin S. et al. Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: A report of the V325 Study Group.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006. V. 24. P. 49914997.
  • Vanhoefer U., Rougier P., Wilke H. et al. Final results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential high-dose methotrexate, fluorouracil, and doxorubicin versus etoposide, leucovorin, and fluorouracil versus infusional fluorouracil and cisplatin in advanced gastric cancer: a trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2000. V. 18. P. 2648-2657.
  • Waters J.S., Norman A., Cunningham D. et al. Long-term survival after epirubicin, cisplatin and fluorouracil for gastric cancer: Results of a randomized trial.//British Journal of Cancer. 1999. V. 80. P. 269 -272.
  • Webb A., Cunningham D., Scarffe J.H. et al. Randomized trial comparing epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced esophagogastric cancer.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1997.V. 15. P. 261-267.
  • Weese J.L., Nussbaum M.L. Gastric cancer surgical approach//Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 1992. V. 10. P. 31-35.
  • Whittington R., Coia L.R., Haller D.G. et al. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophago-gastric junction: the effects of single and combined modalities on the survival and patterns of failure following treatment.//International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 1990. V. 19. P. 593.
  • Wieland C., Hymmen U. Mega-volt therapy of malignant stomach neoplasms.//Strahlentherapie. 1970. V. 140. P. 20.
  • Wils J., Bleiberg H., Dalesio O. et al. An EORTC gastrointestinal group evaluation of the combination of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil combined with adriamycin (FAMTX) in advanced gastric cancer.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1986. V. 4. P. 1799-1803.
  • Wils J., Klein H., Wagener D. et al. Sequential high-dose methotrexate and fluorouracil combined with doxorubicin-A step ahead in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a trial of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cooperative Group.//Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1991. V. 9. P. 827-831.
  • Zhang Z.X., Gu X.Z., Yin W.B. et al. Randomized clinical trial on the combination of preoperative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia (AGC) report on 370 patients//International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 1998. V. 42. P. 929-934.
Еще
Статья обзорная
SciUp 2024 © 2024 ©