Development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions of Russia: cluster analysis taking into account the economic development of the territory

Development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions of Russia: cluster analysis taking into account the economic development of the territory

Автор: Zakharova K.A., Baburina N.A.

Журнал: Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en

Рубрика: Regional economy

Статья в выпуске: 4 т.16, 2023 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Regional economic processes determine the scale of functioning and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises due to their specific involvement in the economy of a territorial entity and quick response to changes in the external environment. The unevenness and high differentiation of economic development in the territories determine the heterogeneity and differences in the level of entrepreneurship development in Russia. In this regard, the aim of our study is to arrange Russian regions into clusters according to indicators reflecting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and macroeconomic parameters characterizing the economic environment of their functioning, which either acts as a driving force or creates obstacles. The novelty of the approach consists not only in the fact that it integrates enterprises’ development indicators and indicators of the external economic environment of their functioning into the clustering parameters, but also in the formation of final clusters, taking into account the grouping of regions for each year of the period under consideration. This makes it possible to determine the stability of the territory in the group or to track the movement between groups. The k-means method is chosen for clustering. Clustering was carried out according to Federal State Statistics Service data from 2015 to 2021 in 85 regions of Russia. Five clusters have been obtained, whose features confirm the assumption that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is determined by the economic development of the territory as an external environment of their functioning. Nevertheless, a special second cluster was identified, with the presence of restrictions on the use of the potential of the economic environment, which includes regions that differ in the average level of development of small and medium-sized enterprises against the background of high economic development. The results obtained can be used in the elaboration and implementation of policies to improve the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses at the level of the state as a whole and at the level of a particular region. Further development of our findings may consist in changing indicators or including other clustering algorithms, further typologizing regions or conducting correlation and regression analysis within individual clusters.

Еще

Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises, regions of Russia, grouping of regions, clustering, nonhierarchical cluster analysis, k-means method

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147241612

IDR: 147241612   |   DOI: 10.15838/esc.2023.4.88.6

Список литературы Development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions of Russia: cluster analysis taking into account the economic development of the territory

  • Ayyagari M., Beck T., Demirguc-Kunt A. (2007). Small and medium enterprises across the globe. Small Business Economics, 29, 415–434. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-006-9002-5
  • Barinova V.A., Gladkii A.S., Demidova K.V. et al. (2022). Malyi i srednii biznes v regionakh Rossii: trendy, draivery i antikrizisnaya politika: Natsiona’nyi doklad [Small and Medium-Sized Business in Russian Regions: Trends, Drivers and Anti-crisis Policy: National Report]. Moscow: Rossiiskaya akademiya narodnogo khozyaistva i gosudarstvennoi sluzhby pri Prezidente Rossiiskoi Federatsii.
  • Bekeris R. (2012). The impact of macroeconomic indicators upon SME’s profitability. Ekonomika, 91(3), 117–128. DOI: 10.15388/Ekon.2012.0.883
  • Božić L., Rajh E. (2016). The factors constraining innovation performance of SMEs in Croatia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 29(1), 314–324. DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2016.1168040
  • Corak M., Heisz A. (1996). Alternative measures of the average duration of unemployment. Review of Income and Wealth, 42, 63–74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4991.1996.tb00146.x
  • Cui M. (2020). Introduction to the k-means clustering algorithm based on the elbow method. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 3, 9–16. DOI: 10.23977/geors.2020.030102
  • Filonova E.S., Bukreeva Yu.V. (2013). Analysis of the situation in central federal district regions based on small- and medium-business companies’ performance. Vestnik Finansovogo universiteta=Bulletin of the Financial University, 6(78), 35–47 (in Russian).
  • Genc E., Dayan M., Genc O.F. (2019). The impact of SME internationalization on innovation: The mediating role of market and entrepreneurial orientation. Industrial Marketing Management, 82, 253–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.01.008
  • Gherghina Ș.C., Botezatu M.A., Hosszu A., Simionescu L.N. (2020). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): The engine of economic growth through investments and innovation. Sustainability, 12, 347. DOI: 10.3390/su12010347
  • Golikova V., Kuznetsov B. (2017). Suboptimal size: Factors preventing the growth of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises. Foresight and STI Governance, 11(3), 83–93. DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2017.3.83.93
  • Haddoud M.Y., Beynon M.J., Jones P., Newbery R. (2018). SMEs’ export propensity in North Africa: A fuzzy c-means cluster analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(5), 769–790. DOI: 10.1108/JSBED-02-2017-0077
  • Hagen B., Zucchella A., Cerchiello P., De Giovanni N. (2012). International strategy and performance – clustering strategic types of SMEs. International Business Review, 21(3), 369–382. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.04.002
  • Ipinnaiye O., Dineen D., Lenihan H. (2017). Drivers of SME performance: A holistic and multivariate approach. Small Business Economics 48, 883–911. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-016-9819-5
  • Jami Pour M., Asarian M. (2019). Strategic orientations, knowledge management (KM) and business performance: An exploratory study in SMEs using clustering analysis. Kybernetes, 48(9), 1942–1964. DOI: 10.1108/K-05-2018-0277
  • Kelarev V.V. (2021). Poverty as a phenomenon of the Russian economy and its negative impact on the practical development of small business in the country. Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipal’noe upravlenie. Uchenye zapiski=State and Municipal Management. Scientific Notes, 4, 86–92. DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2021-1-4-86-92 (in Russian).
  • Kremin A.E., Rossoshanskii A.I. (2020). Small business and living standards of the population: Mutual influence and management issues. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz=Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 13(2), 214–229. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2020.2.68.14 (in Russian).
  • Kuznetsov Yu.A., Perova V.I. (2020). Dynamics of small business development in Russia in the context of harmonization of state and business strategies. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Seriya: Sotsial’nye nauki=Vestnik of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 1(57), 28–36 (in Russian).
  • Kuznetsova O.V. (2021) The economy of Russian regions in a pandemic: Do resilience factors work? Regional’nye issledovaniya, 3(73), 76–87. DOI: 10.5922/1994-5280-2021-3-7 (in Russian).
  • Leitne K., Guldenberg S. (2010). Generic strategies and firm performance in SMEs: A longitudinal study of Austrian SMEs. Small Business Economy, 35, 169–189. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-009-9239-x
  • Levushkina S.V. (2015). Systematic approach to the implementation chronotopic cluster analysis of development of small and medium business. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya=Fundamental Research, 5–4, 753–757 (in Russian).
  • Li Y., Huang J., Tsai M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: The role of knowledge creation process. Industrial Marketing Management, 38, 440–449. DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.02.004
  • Lorentz H., Hilmola O.-P., Malmsten J., Srai J.S. (2016). Cluster analysis application for understanding SME manufacturing strategies. Expert Systems with Applications, 66, 176–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2016.09.016
  • Luk’yanova A.L., Oshchepkov A.Yu. (2007). Functioning of regional labor markets: wages and unemployment. In: Sotsial’naya politika: realii XXI veka. Vyp. 3 [Social Policy: Realities of the 21st century. Volume 3.]. Moscow: Nezavisimyi institut sotsial’noi politiki (in Russian).
  • MacQueen J.B. (1967). Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: Proceedings of 5-th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Mazzarol T., Volery T., Doss N., Thein V. (1999). Factors influencing small business start‐ups: A comparison with previous research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 5(2), 48–63. DOI: 10.1108/13552559910274499
  • Nanavyan A.M. (2012). Estimation of unemployment flows and long-term unemployment on the Russian labor market. Natsional’nye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost’=National Interests: Priority and Security, 42, 44–50 (in Russian).
  • Obraztsova O.I., Chepurenko A.Yu. (2020). Entrepreneurial activity in Russia and its cross-regional differences. Zhurnal Novoi ekonomicheskoi assotsiatsii=Journal of the New Economic Association, 2(46), 198–210. DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2020-46-2-12 (in Russian).
  • Obraztsova O.I., Popovskaya E.V. (2017). An essay of the multidimensional statistical methods to characterize the entrepreneurial context in Russian regions. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya=Sociological Studies, 4(396), 93–106 (in Russian).
  • Pinkovetskaya Yu.S. (2014). Small and medium entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation: Regularities of spatial distribution. Vestnik UrFU. Seriya: Ekonomika i upravlenie, 1, 27–36 (in Russian).
  • Pinkovetskaya Yu.S. (2018). Factors influencing small and medium enterprises turnover: Evaluation of Russian regions data. Ars Administrandi. Iskusstvo upravleniya=Ars Administrandi. The Art of Governance, 10(2), 199–216. DOI: 10.17072/2218-9173-2018-2-199-216 (in Russian).
  • Punj G., Stewart D.W. (1983). Cluster analysis in marketing research: Review and suggestions for application. Journal of Marketing Research, 20(2), 134–148. DOI: 10.1177/002224378302000204
  • Shpak A.S., Shatalova A.S., Sal’nikov K.N. (2019) Evaluation of small business development in the Far Eastern federal district. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya=Fundamental Research, 12-1, 211–217. DOI: 10.17513/fr.42650 (in Russian).
  • Sibirskaya E.V., Ivanov H., Sheremet N.G. (2016). Cluster analysis of small and middle business in the regions of Russia. Srednerusskii vestnik obshchestvennykh nauk=Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 127–135. DOI: 10.12737/21327 (in Russian).
  • Smirnov V.V. (2021). The content analysis of regional entrepreneurship. Natsional’nye interesy: prioritety i bezopasnost’=National Interests: Priorities and Security, 17, 3(396), 556–584. DOI: 10.24891/ni.17.3.556 (in Russian).
  • Storey D.J. (1991). The birth of new firms? Does unemployment matter? A review of the evidence. Small Business Economics, 3(3), 167–178. DOI: 10.1007/bf00400022
  • Sukhanova E.I., Shirnaeva S.Yu., Konstantinova E.O. (2019). Statistical analysis and modeling of the influence of socio-economic factors on the level of small business development in the regions of the Russian Federation. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya=Fundamental Research, 5, 126–132 (in Russian).
  • Sun L., Chen G., Xiong H., Guo С. (2017) Cluster analysis in data‐driven management and decisions. Journal of Management Science and Engineering, 2(4), 227–251. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1383.204011
  • Surya B., Menne F., Sabhan H. et al. (2021). Economic growth, increasing productivity of SMEs, and open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 20. DOI: 10.3390/joitmc7010020
  • Tambunan T. (2008). SME development, economic growth, and government intervention in a developing country: The Indonesian story. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 6, 147–167. DOI: 10.1007/s10843-008-0025-7
  • Tambunan T.T.H. (2009). SME development pattern: A theoretical consideration. In: SMEs in Asian Developing Countries. London: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1057/9780230250949_2
  • Tarunina E.N., Mavrina E.O. (2015). Level of economic development as a factor of early entrepreneurial activity. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Seriya: Sotsial’nye nauki=Vestnik of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod. Series: Social Sciences, 2(38), 9–17 (in Russian).
  • Toomsalu L., Tolmacheva S., Vlasov A., Chernova V. (2019). Determinants of innovations in small and medium enterprises: A European and international experience. Terra Economicus, 17(2), 112–123. DOI: 10.23683/2073-6606-2019-17-2-112-123
  • Ward J.H. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236¬–244. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845
  • Yuan C., Yang H. (2019). Research on k-value selection method of k-means clustering algorithm. J – Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal, 2(2), 226–235. DOI: 10.3390/j2020016
  • Zemtsov S.P. (2016). Typology of Russian regions for development purposes of small and medium-size business. Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipal’noe upravlenie. Uchenye zapiski=State and Municipal Management. Scientific Notes, 4, 99–102 (in Russian).
  • Zemtsov S.P. (2020). Institutes, entrepreneurship, and regional development in Russia. Zhurnal Novoi ekonomicheskoi assotsiatsii=Journal of the New Economic Association, 46(2), 168–180. DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2020-46-2-9 (in Russian).
  • Zemtsov S.P., Mikhailov A.A. (2021). Trends and factors of development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russian regions during corona crisis. Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Rossii=Russian Economic Development, 28(4), 34–45 (in Russian).
  • Zhou B. (2016). Lean principles, practices, and impacts: A study on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Annals of Operations Research, 241, 457–474. DOI: 10.1007/s10479-012-1177-3
Еще
Статья научная
SciUp 2024 © 2024 ©