Возможности роботических технологий в лечении больных мышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря: робот-ассистированная цистэктомия обзор литературы

Возможности роботических технологий в лечении больных мышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря: робот-ассистированная цистэктомия обзор литературы

Автор: Грицкевич А.А., Байтман Татьяна Павловна, Мирошкина И.В., Олейник И.В., Полотбек Ж., Костин А.А.

Журнал: Экспериментальная и клиническая урология @ecuro

Рубрика: Онкоурология

Статья в выпуске: 2 т.14, 2021 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Введение. Стандартизированный показатель заболеваемости раком мочевого пузыря (РМП) составляет 6,41 на 100 000 населения и отмечается тенденция к его росту. У 20-30% пациентов при первичной диагностике выявляется мышечноинвазивный РМП (МИРМП). У 20% пациентов с немышечноинвазивным РМП (НМИРМП), несмотря на проводимое лечение, в дальнейшем выявляется мышечная инвазия. Основным методом лечения МИРМП считается радикальная цистэктомия. В связи с отсутствием на сегодняшний день крупных рандомизированных исследований, оценивающих отдаленные онкологические и функциональные результаты открытой (ОЦЭ) и робот-ассистированной цистэктомии (РАЦЭ), вопрос выбора между этими двумя оперативными вмешательствами остается открытым. С целью систематизации имеющихся исследований по данной проблеме нами выполнен литературный обзор. Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск релевантных публикаций в базах данных PubMed и e-library c использованием ключевых слов «роботическая цистэктомия», «мышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря», «малоинвазивная хирургия», «robot-assisted cystectomy», «muscle-invasive bladder cancer», «mini-invasive surgery». В результате поиска было отобрано 83 источника, которые были включены в литературный обзор. При анализе литературы оценивались критерии отбора пациентов для роботической цистэктомии, особенности их предоперационной подготовки, онкологические результаты и осложнения ОЦЭ и РАЦЭ, а также качество жизни пациентов после этих оперативных вмешательств и экономические аспекты их применения. Результаты и обсуждение. Первая РАЦЭ выполнена в 2003 г. M. Menon и соавт. К основным преимуществам РАЦЭ по сравнению с ОЦЭ, доказанным в результате проведенных исследований, относят более низкие интраоперационную кровопотерю и потребность в гемотрансфузии. Не выявлено статистически значимой разницы между РАЦЭ и ОЦЭ по количеству и тяжести осложнений, радикальности операции, частоте рецидивов и прогрессирования РМП, а также показателям выживаемости и качеству жизни пациентов. Продолжительность и стоимость ОЦЭ меньше. Заключение. Внедрение РАЦЭ в клиническую практику позволило минимизировать травматичность доступа, характерную для ОЦЭ, устранить неудобства лапароскопического подхода и оптимизировать послеоперационный период. Дальнейшего исследования требуют следующие аспекты РАЦЭ: отбор пациентов для данного оперативного вмешательства, выбор способа деривации мочи в ходе операции, возможность применения органосберегающих методик при роботическом доступе и его экономическая целесообразность при хирургическом лечении МИРМП.

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Роботическая цистэктомия, мышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря, малоинвазивная хирургия

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142230142

IDR: 142230142   |   DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2021-14-2-32-39

Список литературы Возможности роботических технологий в лечении больных мышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря: робот-ассистированная цистэктомия обзор литературы

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