The specifics of scientific discourse

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the features of scientific discourse, based on the most relevant scientific theories and concepts. The author substantiates the equivalence of three approaches to the study of discourse: cognitive, conceptual and communicative. At the same time, the author proves the non-identity of the concepts «text» and «discourse» from their content side: The Text characterizes the implementation of the rational language component in scientific discourse. Discourse is a complex complex of complementarities and oppositions between rational (linguistic) and irrational (semantic, extralinguistic) factors, according to the dialectical principle of unity and struggle of opposites. This approach provides an adequate methodological basis for understanding scientific discourse.