Патогенетические особенности лечения хронического остеомиелита

Автор: Римашевский Денис Владимирович, Ахтямов Ильдар Фуатович, Федуличев Павел Николаевич, Zaalan Wessam, Устазов Камиль Абдулгамидович, Basith Abdul, Молдакулов Жумахан Мукашович, Зиновьев Максим Павлович

Журнал: Гений ортопедии @geniy-ortopedii

Рубрика: Обзор литературы

Статья в выпуске: 5 т.27, 2021 года.

Бесплатный доступ

На протяжении последних десятилетий наблюдается неуклонный рост заболеваемости остеомиелитом, что связано с увеличением имплантаций в травматологии и ортопедии. Социальное значение остеомиелита определяют, с одной стороны, значительные финансовые затраты системы здравоохранения, с другой - высокая частота рецидивов и реинфекций при лечении патологии суставов, сопряженных с длительной утратой трудоспособности и высоким риском инвалидизации пациентов. Цель. Провести поиск и анализ публикаций на русском и английском языках, посвященных проблеме остеомиелита и перипротезной инфекции, на основании которого кратко изложить основные современные представления об этиологии, патогенезе, диагностике и лечении остеомиелита. Материалы и методы. Поиск проводился по базам Pubmed и КиберЛенинка литературных источников за последние 10 лет. Данные анализировались и сопоставлялись с материалами более ранних публикаций. Рассматривались публикации только из рецензируемых журналов. Результаты и обсуждение. Успех в лечении периимплантной инфекции с реимплантацией эндопротеза и удовлетворительной функцией сустава достигается лишь немногим более чем у половины пациентов. Исследования последних лет существенно поменяли представления об этиологии и патогенезе остеомиелита. Доказано, что при остеомиелите и имплант-ассоциированной инфекции в организме больного могут формироваться 4 резервуара инфекции: абсцессы в мягких тканях и костномозговых каналах, биопленка на поверхности имплантатов и некротических тканях, внутриклеточная колонизация бактериями клеток макроорганизма и лакунарно-канальцевой системы. Понимание механизмов развития и течения остеомиелита заставляет специалистов по-новому взглянуть на причины неудач в борьбе со столь тяжелой патологией и изменить подходы к профилактике, диагностике и лечению.

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Остеомиелит, перипротезная инфекция, биопленка, этиология, патогенез, стафилококк

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142231589

IDR: 142231589   |   DOI: 10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-5-628-635

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