Special economic zones as nanoindustry development institute: the nature, structure, improvement

The article deals with the nature, specificity and tasks of Russia's special economic zones (SEZ) as an institution of national nanoindustry. Statuses and procedures, preferences, benefits, guarantees and privileges of Russian SEZ, which contribute to the creation of favorable starting conditions for the residents' innovative projects implementation are generally described. Types and parameters of the SEZ are distinguish, their potentials, trends of formation and multiplication, experience and problems of their formation and operation are defined. It is shown that not only technology-innovative SEZ, but also industrial production SEZ are included in the development of the national nanoindustry: the first ones - through the development and implementation of nanotechnology, the second ones - by serial and mass production of goods and services with nanosigns. The notion of the life cycle of the SEZ, based on the understanding of the Kondratieff wave structure, dynamics and boundaries and model representation of technological mode evolution is given. On this methodological basis, an original substantial characteristic of the life cycle of SEZ is suggested and logic of phase change is justified, providing for the division of exogenous and endogenous factors affecting them. The slowness of development, lack of stakeholders' responsibility, and of the activity of residents and their related groups, the uncertainty of achieving profitability and effectiveness of SEZs in the process of construction and performance of their tasks are identified. The conclusions are confirmed with monitoring materials held by Ministry of Economic Development of Russia.