Мультидисциплинарный подход в диагностике и лечении гастроинтестинальных стромальных опухолей

Автор: Копп Михаил Валериевич, Королева Ирина Альбертовна

Журнал: Злокачественные опухоли @malignanttumors

Рубрика: Диагностика и лечение опухолей. Состояние проблемы

Статья в выпуске: 1 (5), 2013 года.

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Гастроинтестинальные стромальные опухоли (GIST-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors) составляют от 0,1% до 3% от всех злокачественных новообразований желудочно-кишечного тракта. Иммуногистохимическое исследование является ключевым в дифференциальном диагнозе GIST и других мезенхимальных опухолей. Главным иммуногистохимическим маркером GIST является CD117 (c-Kit), который гиперэкспрессирован в 95% случаев. При планировании лечения GIST необходим мультидисциплинарный подход с участием хирурга-онколога, морфолога, онколога-химиотерапевтаи рентгенолога. Хирургический метод лечения остается основным при отсутствии признаков диссеминации процесса. На прогноз прогрессирования GIST влияет размер опухоли, митотический индекс, локализация опухоли и мутационный статус опухоли. Основной препарат для терапии диссеминированного GIST - иматиниб - является низкомолекулярным ингибитором тирозинкиназ c-Kit, PDGFR, Abl, Bcr-Abl. Иматиниб применяется в дозе 400 мг/сутки и позволяет добиться клинического улучшения (частичный ответ + стабилизация) у 90% больных. Иматинибв послеоперационной (адъювантной) терапии в течение года достоверно увеличил безрецидивную выживаемость пациентов до 98%. Согласно рекомендациям ESMO 2012 года больным группы высокого риска необходимо проведение адъювантной терапии иматинибом в течение 3 лет. Неоадъювантная терапия иматинибом приводитк уменьшению опухолевой массы, повышению резектабельности и частоты выполнения органосохранных операций. При прогрессировании GIST на фоне терапии иматинибом доза последнего может быть удвоена или назначен препарат второй линии - сунитиниб (ингибитор тирозинкиназы VEGFR, PDGFR, KIT, Flt3). Сунитиниб принимают по 50 мг/сутки, независимо от приема пищи в течение 4 недель ежедневно с интервалом в 2 недели. У иматниниб-резистентных больных при терапии сунитинибом клиническое улучшение было достигнуто у 24,2% пациентов.При рентгенологической оценке ответа GIST на терапию необходимо учитывать не только размеры, но и плотностьи структуру опухоли. В настоящее время проводятся клинические исследования II фазы по изучению новых таргетных препаратов для терапии GIST.

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Гастроинтестинальные стромальные опухоли, группы риска, иматиниб, сунитиниб

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14045441

IDR: 14045441

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