Психологические науки. Рубрика в журнале - Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
A comprehensive method for diagnosing planning in primary school
Статья научная
The study developed a complex of two tasks designed to determine the formation of cognitive metasubject competence associated with the ability to plan in primary schoolchildren, in particular, in second-graders. The problems of the first task create more complex conditions for planning the solution than the problems of the second task. This approach makes it possible to distinguish in the classroom not two, as usual, but three groups of children according to the formation of cognitive actions. The first group consists of children who solved the problems of both tasks, the second group - children who solved the problems of only the second task, the third group - children who did not solve the problems of both tasks. The testing of the complex showed its effectiveness for a more complete than usual diagnosis of the ability to plan the solution of problems in primary grades.
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COVID-19: реакции психики и организма
Статья научная
В данной статье рассматриваются последствия воздействия пандемии на психологическое и физическое состояние человек. Для наглядности приведены таблицы ранние и поздние эмоционально-поведенческие последствия эпидемии, и влияние стресса на организм человека. Также, меры, которые были введены на время пандемии во всем мире, и как они повлияли на психологическое и физическое состояние человека.
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Characteristics of cognitive competences graduates of primary school
Статья научная
The study presented in the article is aimed at determining the characteristics of cognitive competencies formed in children by the end of elementary school. As a result, it was shown that training in developing curricula aimed at forming the foundations of theoretical thinking in children provides a higher level of formation of cognitive competencies than training in traditional programs.
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Characteristics of the ability to act "in the mind" of first-graders
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the presentation of a study aimed at describing the characteristics of the ability to act "in the mind" in children at the very beginning of schooling. Based on the material of two methods built on the principle of tasks "Labyrinths with rules", seven groups of children were identified according to the level of formation of the ability to act "in the mind".
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Characteristics of the production of logical problems in primary school
Статья научная
The article presents a study of the characteristics of producing logical problems by the fourth grade students. There are methods of producing logical problems: formal, substantial and productive. The study of the distribution of these methods among fourth-grade students showed that the majority of children are characterized by the substantial method of producing logical tasks.
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Deprivation and violations of social adaptation of the individual
Статья научная
The article defines the concepts of "deprivation", "adaptation" and "socio-psychological adaptation". The characteristic features of a person with deprivation syndrome are listed. Data on psychological maladaptation and successful social adaptation of the individual in society are presented. Methods for correcting the social maladjustment of a person are determined. It is considered how openness to social experience and the accumulation of cultural experience affect the adaptive capabilities of the individual.
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Differences between fourth-graders solving search problems
Статья научная
The article presents a study aimed at determining the possibilities of primary school graduates in successful education in secondary school (in particular, in the fifth grade). On the basis of solving problems in three forms of action, three groups of fourth-graders with different degrees of readiness for further learning were identified. As it turned out in conversations with teachers of the fifth grade, those who were able to correctly solve problems in a verbal-sign form turned out to be the most ready, those who correctly solved problems only in a subject-effective form, the average degree of readiness was among those who could correctly solve problems not only in an objective-effective form, but also in a visual-figurative one.
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Empirical study of social representations of users about new products of the digital economy
Статья научная
The article presents an analysis of the results of an empirical study of social perceptions of users about new products and services of the digital economy, such as dark kitchen, co-living and Netflix. In the study, authors solved the problem of adapting the methodology for analyzing social representations in the part that related to data processing. The algorithm of structural data analysis according to Vergès used as a tool. The results of the analysis showed the capabilities of the structural analysis algorithm used in terms of speed, convenience of data calculation and their convex visualization to obtain estimates of users' social perceptions of new products and services of the digital economy.
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Features of creative actions of younger teenagers
Статья научная
The article discusses the content of the study, the purpose of which was to study the features of creative actions of younger adolescents, in particular fifth graders. Students were asked to solve and compose tasks related to moving an imaginary character based on certain rules on the playing field for the required number of actions. Based on individual experiments, it was shown that students use different ways of creative actions (formal, meaningful, productive, original). At the same time, the distribution of these methods among fifth-graders was established.
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Статья научная
The article presents a study of the psychological resource of cognitive development of younger adolescents. As components of this resource, we studied competencies that reflect the development of children's cognitive universal actions related to the construction of logical reasoning and the development of ways to solve problems. As a result of conducting group experiments on the material of plot-logical problems, it is shown that within two years, the development of actions for constructing logical reasoning occurs more intensively than the development of actions for developing solutions to problems.
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Linguopsychological characteristics of communication abilities and speech skills
Статья научная
This article describes the characteristics of communication skills and speech skills from the standpoint of linguopsychology. The process of skill formation is described, its main properties are listed and disclosed in detail. The question of the role of language knowledge in the creation of foreign language speech skills is considered. The main qualities of speech skills are described. The stages of speech skill formation are considered in detail. An attempt is made to prove that knowledge, skills and abilities are formed not sequentially, but in parallel. Solid knowledge is acquired in the process of forming skills and abilities.
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Статья научная
The article presents a study of the psychological resource of the cognitive development of children aged 11-12 years. As components of this resource, competencies were studied, reflecting the development by children of regulatory universal actions associated with reflection on the way of solving problems and planning to achieve a result. As a result of carrying out group experiments on the material of plot-logical tasks, it was shown that within two years the mastering of reflection on the method of solving problems occurs more intensively than mastering the planning of achieving a result.
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Metasubject cognitive competencies children 10-11 years old
Статья научная
The article presents a study aimed at studying the influence of different educational environments in primary schools - traditional ones of a different nature and built according to the system of D.B. Elkonin and V.V. Davydov. - to develop meta-subject cognitive competencies in children in grades 4 and 5. In two series of group experiments, children solved plot-logical problems of the author’s “Deduction” technique. As a result of the study, it was shown that teaching children aged 10-11 years in an educational environment built according to the system of D.B. Elkonin and V.V. Davydov, to a greater extent than their education in a traditional educational environment, contributes to the formation of meta-subject cognitive competencies.
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Methods for producing logical problems four-grade school
Статья научная
The article presents a study aimed at studying the features of the creative actions of fourth-graders in the preparation of logical problems.The main methods of creative actions are characterized: formal, meaningful and productive.The distribution of these methods among fourth-graders has been established. The study showed that the majority of fourth-graders use a meaningful method when compiling logical problems.
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Possibilities of intensive formation universal educational actions in primary school
Статья научная
The article presents a study devoted to the study of the possibilities of a more intensive formation of metasubject results in primary school. The article reveals the features of the content of the author's program "Intellectics", built on non-educational material. In contrast to the fourth-graders in the control group, the pupils of the experimental group participated in 32 lessons (one lesson per week) under the Intellectics program during the academic year. As a result of the study, it was shown that the mastering by children of the basic educational program (BEP) during the lesson time and the program "Intellect" at the inaccessible time is much more conducive to the formation of universal educational actions related to the generalization of the method of solving problems and cognitive content reflection than the development of children BEP only.
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Статья научная
The article describes the content of the study aimed at creating and testing the "Movement" methodology, which includes tasks that are solved in a visual-figurative form. In these tasks, an imaginary character moves around the playing field based on certain rules. It is required to find a route for moving this character from one point of the playing field to another in the required number of actions. The methodology is intended for younger students in order to determine how the tasks are solved: general, theoretical or private, empirical. Individual experiments with fourth-graders showed the wide possibilities of the methodology in distinguishing children by the method of solution.
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Stages of development of thinking in elementary school
Статья научная
The article presents a study devoted to studying the nature of the transition of primary schoolchildren from solving problems based on empirical thinking to solving problems based on theoretical thinking. Pupils of the first, second and third grades of two contingents participated in the group experiments: students studying under experimental programs developed by D.B. Elkonin and V.V. Davydov, 166 children, and according to regular primary school programs, 165 children. All students solved spatial-combinatorial problems of the author’s “Game in 3” methodology in a visual-figurative manner. It has been shown that the largest increase in the number of children solving problems based on theoretical thinking is associated with learning in the second grade. At the same time, it was found that training in experimental programs creates conditions for children to more intensively master theoretical thinking. In the future, it is planned to characterize the features of problem solving based on theoretical thinking among fourth-graders.
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Статья научная
This study was conducted to find out the correlation between the personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness to Experiences) and Communal Orientation among Afghan and Indian students. The results of the study found out that there is a significant positive correlation between emotional stability, agreeableness with communal orientation among Afghan and Indian students. The results also showed that there is a significant negative correlation between communal orientation and openness to experience among Afghan and Indian students. The result further presented that there is a significant negative correlation between communal orientations and extraversion among Afghan students. However, there is no significant correlation between communal orientation and extraversion among Indian students. The results also showed that there is no significant correlation between communal orientation and conscientiousness among Afghan students. However, there is significant positive correlations between communal orientation and conscientiousness among Indian students.
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Ways of creative thinking of younger students
Статья научная
The article reflects a study devoted to the study of the creative thinking of younger schoolchildren in the drafting of new tasks of a spatially combinatorial nature, solved according to the rules for rearranging the elements of conditions to an empty seat for a certain number of movements. Four main methods of composing tasks were identified and their distribution among students of the second and third grades was determined. It has been established that three-quarters of third-graders (9 years old) and only half of second-graders (8 years old) use meaningful and productive method of drafting problems. The obtained results testify to the fact that younger schoolchildren have a tendency to advance the use of the meaningful method in the drafting of spatial-combinatorial problems.
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Абьюзивные отношения у людей до 20 лет
Статья научная
В статье раскрываются понятия абьюза, абьюзивных отношений как девиация. В качестве опорной концепции была использована теория Роберта Мертона о девиантном поведении. Рассматриваются практики психологического, физического, сексуального, экономического насилия. Делается вывод на основе итогов полученных данных, собранных методом интервьюирования информантов. Было выявлено типичное поведение жертвы, причины, по которым жертвы не могут выбраться из абьюзивных отношений и этапы абьюзивных отношений.
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