Coronary bifurcation lesions: current techniques for endovascular treatment

Bifurcation lesions are among the most challenging issues in interventional cardiology, occurring in approximately 15% - 20% of all types of coronary artery disease. Challenges in the endovascular treatment of such lesions include anatomical variability, different treatment approaches, difficulties in physiological assessment of the bifurcation branches, and a high risk of restenosis. Current bifurcation classifications are unable to prognose long-term clinical outcomes. Provisional T-stenting can be used in most cases, including in complex bifurcation lesions. This article aimed to review the current classification of bifurcation lesions, describe the available bifurcation stenting techniques, and discuss the current evidence base.