Атипичный пестивирус свиней (Pestivirus K) - новая проблема в промышленном свиноводстве (обзор)

Автор: Аноятбекова А.М., Южаков А.Г., Аноятбеков М., Алипер Т.И., Гулюкин А.М.

Журнал: Сельскохозяйственная биология @agrobiology

Рубрика: Обзоры, проблемы

Статья в выпуске: 2 т.58, 2023 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Пестивирусы - высоковариабельные РНК-содержащие вирусы рода Pestivirus семейства Flavivirida e. Род Pestivirus включает 11 видов ( Pestivirus A-K ) (Б.Г. Орлянкин с соавт., 2020; D.B. Smith с соавт., 2017; A.M.Q. King с соавт., 2018). В инфекционной патологии свиней пестивирусы играют важную роль, вызывая значительные экономические потери. За последние два десятилетия у домашних и диких свиней обнаружены не описанные ранее пестивирусы. Из-за склонности к быстрому распространению они могут представлять серьезную угрозу для свиноводства. В 2015 году в США методом метагеномного секвенирования в рамках проекта по изучению генетического разнообразия вируса репродуктивно-респираторного синдрома свиней (B.M. Hause с соавт., 2015) в образцах сывороток крови впервые был идентифицирован атипичный пестивирус свиней ( Pestivirus K ). Изначально предполагалось, что у инфицированных атипичным пестивирусом свиней не проявляются клинические признаки болезни. Однако эксперименты по изучению его инфекционных свойств показали, что атипичный пестивирус свиней вызывает конгенитальный (врожденный) тремор (КТ) типа А-II у поросят (B.L. Arruda с соавт., 2016; A. de Groof с соавт., 2016; A. Postel с соавт., 2017). К вирусу также оказались восприимчивы взрослые домашние и дикие свиньи. Атипичный пестивирус свиней передается вертикально и горизонтально и широко распространен во многих странах Европы, Америки и Азии. В России атипичная пестивирусная инфекция у свиней не диагностирована. На основании филогенетического анализа генома всех известных изолятов различают 3 генетические группы (1-3-я) и семь субгенотипов внутри 1-й генетической группы (1.1-1.7) вируса (F. Yuan с соавт., 2021). Первая генетическая группа включает все изоляты, обнаруженные в США, Европе и несколько изолятов из Китая. Вторая и третья генетическая группы представлены только изолятами из Китая. Циркуляция атипичного пестивируса свиней в стадах может осложнить дифференциальную диагностику классической чумы свиней из-за некоторой схожести симптоматики (в частности, проявления конгенитального тремора). Следовательно, знание эпидемиологии атипичного пестивируса свиней в разных географических регионах поможет оптимизировать меры контроля и предотвратить распространение инфекции. В обзоре приведены современные данные об этиологии, распространении, клинических проявлениях, диагностике и профилактике патологии.

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Атипичный пестивирус свиней, идентификация, дифференциальная диагностика, конгенитальный тремор, классическая чума свиней, профилактика

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142238879

IDR: 142238879   |   DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2023.2.260rus

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