Algae efficacy as a potent tool for heavy metals removal: an overview

Автор: Saleh Basel

Журнал: Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии @jspb

Статья в выпуске: 4 т.15, 2019 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Water pollution with heavy metals sharply increased worldwide and became a serious problem a cause to expansion industrial activities worldwide. Pollutants caused deleterious effect on living organisms in ecosystems. Thereby, various physico-chemical and biological methods were employed for overcoming this problem. Algae (micro and macrophyla) among biological systems displayed multiuse applications in food and industry. Of which they exhibited a significant and important role as a useful toll in heavy metals removal capacity. Algae as renewable resources, their abundance worldwide and ability to concentrate heavy metals in their tissues, encouraged scientists to focusing on their implementation in heavy metal pollutants reduction from environmental ecosystems. Their efficacy and advantageous over physico-chemical methods make them as alternative, eco-sustainable and potent way for heavy metals removal.

Еще

Algae, biosystem, biosorption, heavy metals, pollutants, removal capacity

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/143168573

IDR: 143168573

Список литературы Algae efficacy as a potent tool for heavy metals removal: an overview

  • Abbas, S.H., Ismail, I.M., Mostafa, T.M., Sulaymon, A.H. (2014) Biosorption of heavy metals: A review. J Chem Sci Technol,3, 74-102
  • Abd El Monsef, W.S., Ragab A.A., Shalaby, E.A. (2014) Bioremediation of heavy metals by chemically-modifiedbiomass of algae and Eichhornia sp. Sky J Microbiol Res,2, 051 - 058
  • Ahluwalia, S.S., Goyal, D. (2003) Removal of lead from aqueous solution by different fungi. Ind J Microbiol, 43, 237-241
  • Anayuri, R.A., Sari, A., Tuzen, M. (2009) Equilibrium thermodynamic and kinetic studies on biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by macrofungus (Lactarius scrobiculatus) biomass. Chem Eng Journal,151, 255 - 261
  • Asnaoui, H., Khalis, M., Laaziri, A., Elbougarrani, O. (2014)Deconttamination of a solution of chromiumIV by marine algae (ulva-lactuca). Int J Innov Res in Adv Eng, 1, 62-67
  • Bădescu, I.S., Bulgariu, D., Bulgariu, L. (2017) Alternative utilization of algal biomass (Ulva sp.) loaded with Zn (II) ions for improving of soil quality. J Appl Phycol, 29, 1069-1079
  • Balaji, S., Kalaivani, T., Rajasekaran, C., Shalini, M., Siva, R., Singh, R.K., Akthar, M.A. (2014) Arthrospira (Spirulina) species as bioadsorbents for lead, chromium, and cadmium - a comparative study. Clean-Soil Air Water, 42, 1790-1797
  • Baumann, H.A., Morrison, L., Stengel, D.B. (2009) Metal accumulation and toxicity measured by PAM - Chlorophyll fluorescence in seven species of marine macroalgae. Ecotox Environ Safe, 72, 1063-1075
  • Bayramoglu, G., Tuzun, I., Celik, G.,Yilmaz, M., Arica, M.Y. (2006) Biosorption of mercury (II), cadmium (II) andlead (II) ions from aqueous system by microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii immobilized in alginate beads. Int J Miner Process, 81, 35-43
  • Ben Chekroun, K., Baghour, M. (2008) The role of algae in phytoremediation of heavy metals: A review. J Mater Environ Sci, 4, 873-880
  • Bilal, M., Rasheed, T., Ahmed, I., Iqbal, H.M.N. (2017) High-value compounds from microalgae with industrial exploitability-A review. Front Biosci (Sch. Ed.), 9, 319-342
  • Bilal, M., Rasheed, T., Sosa-Hernández, J.E., Raza, A., Nabeel F., Iqbal, H.M.N. (2018) Biosorption: An interplay between marine algae and potentially toxic elements-a review. Marine drugs, 16, 65
  • Bradl, H. (2002) Heavy metals in the environment: Origin, Interaction and Remediation Volume 6. London: Academic Press
  • Bulgariu, L., Bulgariu, D. Rusu, C. (2015) Marine algae biomass for removal of heavy metal ions. Chapter from book Omega-3 Fatty Acids Produced from Microalgae, pp.611-648
  • Carrilho, E.N., Gilbert, T.R. (2000) Assessing metal sorption on the marine alga Pilayella littoralis. J Environ Monit, 2, 410-415
  • Castro, L., Blázquez, M.L., González, F., Muñoz, J.A., Ballester, A. (2017) Biosorption of Zn(II) from industrial effluents using sugar beet pulp and F. vesiculosus: from laboratory tests to a pilot approach. Sci Total Environ, 598, 856-866
  • Cechinel, M.A.P., Mayer, D.A., Pozdniakova, T.A., Mazur, L.P., Boaventura, R.A.R., de Souza, A.A.U., de Souza, S.M.A.G.U., Vilar, V.J.P. (2016) Removal of metal ions from a petrochemical wastewater using brown macro-algae as natural cation-exchangers. Chem Eng J, 286, 1-15
  • Chaisuksant, Y. (2003) Biosorption of cadmium (II) and copper (II) by pretreated biomass of marine alga Gracilaria fisheri. Environ Technol, 24, 1501-1508
  • Cheng, J., Yin, W., Chang, Z., Lundholm, N., Jiang, Z. (2017) Biosorption capacity and kinetics of cadmium (II) on live and dead Chlorella vulgaris. J Appl Phycol, 29, 211-221
  • Chong, A.M.Y., Wong, Y.S., Tam, N.F.Y. (2000) Performance of different microbial species in removing nickel and zinc from industrial wastewater. Chemosphere, 41, 251-257
  • Christobe, J., Lipton, A.P. (2015) Evaluation of macroalgal biomass for removal of heavy metal Arsenic (As) from aqueous solution. Int J Appl Innov Eng Manag, 4, 94-104
  • De Godos, I., Muñoz, R., Guieysse, B. (2012) Tetracycline removal during wastewater treatment in high-rate algal ponds. J Hazard Mater, 229-230, 446-449
  • Dekhil, A.B., Hannachi, Y., Ghorbel, A., Boubaker, T. (2011) Removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using dried marine green macroalga (Caulerpa racemosa). Int J Environ Res, 5, 725-732
  • Delrue, F., Álvarez-Díaz, P.D., Fon-Sing, S., Fleury, G. Sassi, J-F. (2016) The environmental biorefinery: Using microalgae to remediate wastewater, a win-win paradigm. Energies, 9, 132-150
  • Dias, M.A. (2002) Removal of heavy metals by an Aspergillus terreus strain immobilized in polyurethane matrix. Lett Appl Microbiol, 34, 46-50
  • Djati Utomo, H., Tan, K.X.D., Choong, Z.Y.D., Yu, J.J., Ong, J.J., Lim, Z.B. (2016) Biosorption of heavy metal by algae biomass in surface water. J Environ Protect, 7, 1547-1560
  • El-Enany, A.E., Issa, A.A. (2000) Cyanobacteria as a biosorbent of heavy metals in sewage water. Environ Toxicol Pharma, 8, 95-101
  • FAO, (2014)The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
  • Farıas, S., Arisnabarreta, S.P., Vodopivez, C., Smichowski, P. (2002) Levels of essential and potentially toxic trace metals in Antarctic macro algae. Spectrochim Acta Part B, 57, 2133-2140
  • Fawzya, M.A., Issa, A.A. (2016) Bioremoval of heavy metals and nutrients from sewage plant by Anabaena oryzae and Cyanosarcina fontana. Int J Phytoremed, 18, 321-328
  • Felisco, R.J.M., Billacura, M.P. (2018) Biosorption mechanism of microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and the effect of Pb on its photosynthetic activity. Sci Int (Lahore), 30, 115-119
  • Feng, D., Aldrich, C. (2004) Adsorption of heavy metals by biomaterials derived from the marine alga Ecklonia maxima. Hydrometallurgy, 73, 1-10
  • Gelagutashvili, E. (2013) Comparative study on heavy metals biosorptionby different types of bacteria. Open J of metal, 3, 62-67
  • Ghazal, F.M., Mahdy, E-S.M., EL-Fattah, M.S.A., EL-Sadany, A.E.G.Y., Doha, N.M.E. (2018) The use of microalgae in bioremediation of the textile wastewater effluent. Nat and Sci, 16, 98-104
  • Goksungur, Y., Uren, S., Guvenc, U. (2005) Biosorption of cadmium and lead ions by ethanol treated waste baker's yeast biomass. Bioresour Technol, 96, 103-109
  • Gosavi, K., Sammut, J., Gifford, S., Jankowski, J. (2004) Macroalgal biomonitors of trace metal contamination in acid sulfate soil aquaculture ponds. Sci Total Environ, 324, 25-39
  • Goswami, S., Diengdoh, O.L., Syiem, M.B., Pakshirajan, K., Kiran, M.G. (2015) Zn(II) and Cu(II) removal by Nostoc muscorum: a cyanobacterium isolated from a coal mining pit in Chiehruphi, Meghalaya, India. Canadian J Microbiol, 61, 209-215
  • Gupta, V.K., Shrivastava, A.K., Neeraj, J. (2001) Biosorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by green algae Spirogyra species. Water Res, 35, 4079-4085
  • Gupta, V.K., Rastogi, A., Saini, V.K., Jain, N. (2006) Biosorption of copper(II) from aqueous solutions by Spirogyra species. J Colloid Interface Sci, 296, 59-63
  • Gupta, V.K., Rostogi, A. (2008a) Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by green algae Spirogyra species: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. J Hazard Mater, 152, 407-414
  • Gupta, V.K., Rostogi, A. (2008b) Biosorption of lead (II) from aqueous solutions by non-living algal biomass Oedogonium sp. and Nostoc sp. - A comparative study. Coll Surf B, 64, 170-178
  • Gupta, M., Sarin, N.B. (2009) Heavy metal induced DNA changes in aquatic macrophytes: Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and identification ofsequence characterized amplified region marker. J Environ Sci, 21, 686-690
  • Hamdy, A.A. (2000) Biosorption of heavy metals by marine algae. Cur Microbiol, 41, 232-238
  • Hammouda, A., Gaber, A., Abdelraouf, N. (1995) Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Ecotox Environ Safe, 31, 205-210
  • Herrero, R., Cordero, B., Lodeiro, P., Rey-Castro, C., Vicente, M.E.S.D. (2006) Interactions of cadmium (II) and protons with dead biomass of marine algae Fucus sp. Marine Chem, 99, 106-116
  • Ibrahim, W.M., Mutawie, H.H. (2012) Bioremoval of heavy metals from industrial effluent by fixed-bed column of red macroalgae.Toxicol Indust Health, 29, 38-42
  • Iyer, A., Mody, K., Jha, B. (2005) Biosorption of heavy metals by a marine bacterium. Mar Pollut Bull, 50, 340-343
  • Jamers, A., Blust, R., De-Coena, W., Griffinab, J.L., Jonesco, O.A.H. (2013) An omics based assessment of cadmium toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Aqua Toxicol, 126, 355- 364
  • Javanbakht, V., Alavi S.A., Zilouei H. (2014) Mechanisms of heavy metal removal using microorganisms as biosorbent. Water Sci Technol, 69, 1775-1787
  • Jerold, M., Vigneshwaran, C., Surendhar, A., Prakash Kumar, B.G., Sivasubramanian, V. (2016) In book: Environmental Sustainability using Green Technologies, Chapter 5: Algal biosorption of heavy metals, Publisher: CRC publishers
  • Kaewsarn, P., Yu, Q. (2001) Cadmium (II) removal from aqueous solutions by pre-treated biomass of marine alga Padina sp. Environ Pollut, 112, 209-213
  • Karthikeyan, S., Balasubramanian, R., Iyer, C.S.P. (2007) Evaluation of the marine algae Ulva fasciata and Sargassumsp. for the biosorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions. Bioresour Technol, 98, 452-455
  • Ke, L., Luo, L., Wang, P., Luan, T., Tam, N.F.-Y. (2010) Effects of metals on biosorption and biodegradation of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Bioresour Technol, 101, 6950-6961
  • Kshirsagar, A.D. (2013) Bioremedition of wastewater by using microalgae: Experiment study. Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharma Res, 2, 339-346
  • Kumari, S.B., Kirubavathy, A.K., Thirumalnesan, R. (2006) Stability and water quality criteria of open drainage municipal sewage water at Coimbatore used for irrigation. J Environ Biol, 27, 709-712
  • Kumar, K.S., Dahms, H.-U., Won, E.-J., Lee, J.-S., Shin, K.-H. (2015) Microalgae-A promising tool for heavy metal remediation. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe, 113, 329-352
  • Lawton, R.J., Mata, L., de Nys, R., Paul, N.A. (2013) Algal bioremediation of waste waters from land-based aquaculture using Ulva: Selecting target species and strains. PLoS ONE, 8, e77344
  • Lima, S.A.C., Raposo, M.F.J., Castro, P.M.L., Morais, R.M. (2004) Biodegradation of p-chlorophenol by a microalgae consortium. Wat Res, 38, 97-102
  • Lupea, M., Bulgariu, L., Macoveanu, M. (2012) Biosorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solution on marine green algae biomass. Environ Eng Manag J, 11, 607-615
  • Mallick, N., Rai, L.C. (1992) Removal and assessment of toxicity of Anabena doliolum and Chlorella vulgaris using free and immobilized cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 8, 110 - 114
  • Mandotra, S.K., Kumar, P., Suseela, M.R., Ramteke, P.W. (2014) Fresh water green microalga Scenedesmus abundans: A potential feedstock for high quality biodiesel production. Biores Technol, 156, 42-47
  • Matheickal, J.T., Yu, Q., Woodburn, G.M. (1999) Biosorption of cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions by pre-treatedbiomass of marine alga Durvillaea potatorum. Water Res,33, 335-342
  • Mazur, L.P., Pozdniakova, T.A., Mayer, D.A., Boaventura, R.A.R., Vilar, V.J.P. (2016) Design of a fixed-bed ion-exchange process for the treatment of rinse waters generated in the galvanization process using Laminaria hyperboreaas natural cation exchanger. Water Res, 90, 354-368
  • Mazur, L.P., Cechinel, M.A.P., de Souza, S.M.A.G.U., Boaventura, R.A.R., Vilar, V.J.P. (2018) Brown marine macroalgae as natural cation exchangers for toxic metal removal from industrial wastewaters: A review. J Environ Manag, 223, 215-253
  • McHugh, D.J. (2003) A Guide to the Seaweed Industry. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
  • Mehta, S.K., Gaur, J.P. (2001) Removal of Ni and Cu from single and binary metal solutions by free and immobilized Chlorella vulgaris. Europ J Protistol, 37, 261-271
  • Mirghaffari, N., Moeini, E., Farhadian, O. (2015) Biosorption of Cd and Pb ions from aqueous solutions by biomass of the green microalga, Scenedesmus quadricauda. J Appl Phycol, 27, 311-320
  • Murphy, V., Hughes, H., McLoughlin, P. (2007) Cu(II) binding by dried biomass of red, green and brown macroalgae. Water Res, 41, 731-740
  • Nazal M.K. (2019) Chapter: Marine algae bioadsorbents for adsorptive removal of heavy metals; pp. 1-14
  • Nielsen, M.M., Bruhn, A., Rasmussen, M.B., Olesen, B., Larsen, M.M., Moller, H.B., (2012) Cultivation of Ulva lactuca with manure for simultaneous bioremediation and biomass production. J Appl Phycol, 24, 449-458
  • Ofer, R., Yerachmiel, A., Shmuel, Y. (2003) Marine macroalgae as biosorbents for cadmiun and nickel in water. Water Environ Res, 75, 246-253
  • Oswald, W.J., Gotaas, H.B. (1957) Photosynthesis in sewage treatment. Trans Am Soc Civ Eng, 122, 73-105
  • Papazi, A., Kotzabasis, K. (2013) Rational management of dichlorophenols biodegradation by the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. PLoS ONE, 8
  • Peng, F.-Q., Ying, G.-G., Yang, B., Liu, S., Lai, H.-J., Liu, Y.-S., Chen, Z.-F., Zhou, G.-J. (2014) Biotransformation of progesterone and norgestrel by two freshwater microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa): Transformation kinetics and products identification. Chemosphere, 95, 581-588
  • Pinto, A.P., Mota, A.M., De Varennes, A., Pinto, F.C. (2004) Influence of organic matter on the uptake of cadmium, zinc, copper and iron by sorghum plants. Sci Total Environ, 326, 239-274
  • Prabha, Y., Soni, S.K., Gupta, S. and Sonal. (2016) Potential of algae in bioremediation of wastewater: Current research. Int J Cur Microbiol Appl Sci, 5, 693-700
  • Prasher, S.O., Beaugeard, M., Hawari, J., Bera, P., Patel, R.M., Kim, S.H. (2004) Biosorption of heavy metals by red algae (Palmaria palmata). J EnvironTechnol, 25, 1097-1106
  • Rai P.K., Tripathi, B.D. (2007) Removal of heavy metals by the nuisance cyanobacteria Microcystis in continuous cultures: an eco-sustainable technology.Environ Sci, 4, 53-59
  • Rajfur, M. (2013) Algae-heavy metals biosorbent. Ecol Chem Eng, 20, 23-40
  • Robertson-Andersson, D.V., Potgieter, M., Hansen, J., Bolton, J., Troell, M., Anderson, R., Halling, C., Probyn, T. (2008) Integrated seaweed cultivation on an abalone farm in South Africa. J Appl Phycol, 20, 579-595
  • Romera, F., Gonzalez, A., Ballester, M.L., Munoz B.J.A. (2007) Comparative study of biosorption of heavy metals using differenttypes of algae. Biores Technol,98, 3344-3353
  • Ryther, J.H., Tenore, K.R., Dunstan, W.M., Huguenin, J.E. (1972)Controlled eutrophication-increasingfood production from sea by recycling human wastes. Bioscience,22, 144
  • Saleh, B. (2015) Physiological response of the green algae Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) to heavy metals stress. J Stress Physiol Biochem, 11, 38-51
  • Saleh, B. (2017a) Analytical methods employment for heavy metals pollution investigation in Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) seaweed. J Bio Innov, 6, 624-633
  • Saleh, B. (2017b) Cadmium biosorption investigation from aqueous solutions with Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Padina pavonica (Phaeophyta) seaweeds. J Stress Physiol Biochem, 13, 81-87
  • Saleh, B., Al-Mariri, A. (2017)Antimicrobial activity of the marine algal extracts against selected pathogens. J Agri Sci Technol, 19, 1067-1077
  • Salgueiro, J. L., Pérez, L., Maceiras, R., Sánchez, A., Cancela, A. (2016) Bioremediation of wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae: Phosphorus and organic matter.Int J Environ Res, 10, 465-470
  • Sarı, A., Tuzen, M. (2008a) Biosorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution using green alga (Ulva lactuca) biomass. J Hazard Mater, 152, 302-308
  • Sarı, A., Tuzen, M. (2008b) Biosorption of cadmium (II) from aqueous solution by red algae (Ceramium virgatum): Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. J Hazard Mater, 157, 448-454
  • Schiewer, S., Wong, M.H. (2000) Ionic strength effects in biosorption of metals by marine algae. Chemosphere, 41, 271-282
  • Senthilkumar, R., Vijayaraghavan, K., Thilakavathi, M., Iyer, P.V.R., Velan, M. (2007)Application of seaweeds for the removal of lead from aqueous solution. Biochem Eng J, 33, 211-216
  • Sethunathan, N., Megharaj, M., Chen, Z.L., Williams, B.D., Lewis, G., Naidu, R. (2004) Algal degradation of a known endocrine disrupting insecticide, α-Endosulfan, and its metabolite, endosulfan sulfate, in liquid medium and soil. J Agric Food Chem, 52, 3030-3035
  • Sharma, N.K., Rai, A.K. (2011) Biodiversity and biogeography of microalgae: Progress and pitfalls. Environ Rev, 19, 1-15
  • Sheng, P.X., Ting, Y.P., Chen, J.P., Hong, L. (2004) Sorption of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel by marine algal biomass: Characterization of biosorptive capacity and investigation of mechanisms.J Colloid Interface Sci, 275, 131-141
  • Shilpi, G., Shilpi, S., Sunita, S. (2015) Tolerance against heavy metal toxicity in cyanobacteria: Role of antioxidant defense system. Int J Pharma Pharma Sci, 7, 9-16
  • Singh, L.L., Chu, W.L., Phang, S.M. (2010) Use of Chlorella vulgaris for bioremediation of textile wastewater. Bioresour Technol, 101, 7314-7322
  • Singh, P.K., Rai, S., Pandey, S., Agrawal, C., Shrivastava, A.K., Kumar, S., Rai, L.C. (2012) Cadmium and UV-B induced changes in proteome and some biochemical attributes of Anabaena sp. PCC7120. Phykos, 42, 39-50
  • Sode, S., Bruhn, A., Balsby, T.J.S., Larsen, M.M., Gotfredsen, A., Rasmussen, M.B. (2013) Bioremediation of reject water from anaerobically digested waste water sludge with macroalgae (Ulva lactuca, Chlorophyta). Biores Technol, 14, 426-435
  • Sultan, P., Williams, S.M.I, Arif, J.P., Ahamad, N. (2007) Biochemical basis of heavy metal induced stress tolerance in the N2 fixing Cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. Afr J Cln Exper Microbiol, 8, 8-22
  • Tamilselvan, N., Saurav, K., Kannabiran, K. (2011) Biosorption of selected toxic heavy metals using algal species Acanthophora spicifera. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 518-528
  • Tonon, A.P., Oliveira, M.C., Soriano, E.M., Colepicolo, P. (2011) Absorption of metals and characterization of chemical elements present in three species of Gracilaria (Gracilariaceae) Greville: a genus of economical. Rev Bras Farmacogn, 21, 355-360
  • Tüzün, I., Bayramoğlu, G., Yalçın, E., Başaran, G., Çel, G., Arıca, M.Y. (2005) Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption of Hg(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions onto microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Environ Manage, 77, 85-92
  • Vijayakumar, S., Manoharan, C. (2012) Treatment of dye industry effluent using free and immobilized cyanobacteria. Bioremed Biodeg, 3, 2 - 6
  • Volesky, B. (2003) Biosorption process simulation tools. Hydrometallurgy, 71, 179-190
  • Wajahatullah, K., Rayirath, U.P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M.N., Prasanth, R., Mark, H.D., Alan, C.T., James, C.S., Jeff, N., Balakrishan, P. (2009) Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. J Plant Growth Regul, 28, 386-399
  • Wang, L., Min, M., Li Y., Chen, P., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Ruan R. (2010) Cultivation of green algae Chlorella sp. in different wastewaters from municipal wastewater treatment plant. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 162, 1174-1186
  • Wang, S., Wang, X., Poon, K., Wang, Y., Li, S., Liu, H., Lin, S., Cai, Z. (2013) Removal and reductive dechlorination of triclosan by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Chemosphere, 92, 1498-1505
  • World, H. (1992) Organization, Environmental Health Criteria 134: Cadmium. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
  • Ye, J., Xiao, H., Xiao, B., Xu, W., Gao, L., Lin, G. (2015) Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated aqueous solution by using red algae Porphyra leucosticta. Water Sci Technol, 72, 1662-1666
  • Yun, Y.S., Parck, D., Park, J.M., Volesky, B. (2001) Biosorption of trivalent chromium on the brown seaweed biomass. Environ Sci Technol, 35, 4353-4358
  • Zutshi, S., Bano, F., Ningthoujam, M., Habib, K., Fatma, T. (2014) Metabolic adaptations to arsenic-induced oxidative stress in Hapalosiphon fontinalis-339. Int J Inn Res Sci Eng Technol, 3, 9386-9394
Еще
Статья обзорная