A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene

A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene

Автор: Veena S.C., Mohammed V., Veerabathiran R.

Журнал: Сибирский онкологический журнал @siboncoj

Рубрика: Обзоры

Статья в выпуске: 6 т.21, 2022 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Background. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discussed as the basis of inherited adenocarcinoma and breast and ovarian malignancy. Ovarian cancer is uncommon in women below 40 years of age, and prostate cancer mainly occurs in older men cause 90 % in those above sixty-five. Objective. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ovarian and prostate cancer with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Material and Methods. The ovarian and prostate cancer mechanism is discussed in detail, and their preventive measures with screening techniques are also demonstrated. This systematic review collected the related articles from online databases using the key terms ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BRCA genes, mutation, polymorphism, carcinoma, sarcoma, and genetic association. Results. Based on the obtained information, it is found that the BRCA genes are highly associated with prostate cancer in men, and in women, it is significantly linked with breast cancer than ovarian cancer. Conclusion. Therefore, early diagnosis and genetic testing for BRCA1&BRCA2 genes in both men and women are necessary. in some cases, these genes might even cause different types of cancer like pancreatic cancers. identifying individuals with tumour-HRD through mutations in the homologous repair pathway and determining this gene expression is essential to improve treatment techniques developed during the previous decade and rapidly make their way into clinical trials practice. However, the safe introduction of these medicines into everyday practice will require a thorough understanding of treatment targets and associated adverse effects.

Еще

Ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, mutated allele

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140296687

IDR: 140296687   |   DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-6-145-155

Список литературы A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene

  • Zaimy M.A., Saffarzadeh N., Mohammadi A., Pourghadamyari H., Izadi P., Sarli A., Moghaddam L.K., Paschepari S.R., Azizi H., Torkamandi S., Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J. New methods in the diagnosis of cancer and gene therapy of cancer based on nanoparticles. Cancer Gene Ther. 2017; 24(6): 233-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2017.16.
  • Webb P.M., Jordan S.J. Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2017; 41: 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.006.
  • Tenke P., Horti J., Balint P., Kovacs B. Prostate cancer screening. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2007; 175: 65-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40901-4_5.
  • Chobanian N., Dietrich C.S. Ovarian cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2008; 88(2): 285-99, vi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2007.12.002.
  • Rooth C. Ovarian cancer: risk factors, treatment and management. Br J Nurs. 2013; 22(17): 23-30. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2013.22.Sup17.S23.
  • Jaworska D., Król W., Szliszka E. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Research Advances. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(11): 27433-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161126036.
  • Daly M., Obrams G.I. Epidemiology and risk assessment for ovarian cancer. Semin Oncol. 1998; 25(3): 255-64.
  • La Vecchia C. Ovarian cancer: epidemiology and risk factors. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2017; 26(1): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000217.
  • Schmeler K.M., Sun C.C., Bodurka D.C., White K.G., Soliman P.T., Uyei A.R., Erlichman J.L., Arun B.K., Daniels M.S., Rimes S.A., Peterson S.K., Slomovitz B.M., Milam M.R., Gershenson D.M., Lu K.H. Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy compared with surveillance in women with BRCA mutations. Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 108: 515-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000228959.30577.13.
  • Patel A.R., Klein E.A. Risk factors for prostate cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2009; 6(2): 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpuro1290.
  • Pienta K.J., Esper P.S. Risk factors for prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118(10): 793-803. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00007.
  • Matsushita M., Fujita K., Nonomura N. Infuence of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(4): 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041447.
  • Rosen E.M., Fan S., Pestell R.G., Goldberg I.D. BRCA1 gene in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2003; 196(1): 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.10257.
  • Paterson J.W. BRCA1: a review of structure and putative functions. Dis Markers. 1998; 13(4): 261-74. https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/298530.
  • Kubista M., Rosner M., Miloloza A., Hofer K., Prusa A.R., Kroiss R., Marton E., Hengstschläger M. BRCA1 and diferentiation. Mutat Res. 2002; 512(2-3): 165-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5742(02)00063-7.
  • Jhanwar-Uniyal M. BRCA1 in cancer, cell cycle and genomic stability. Front Biosci. 2003; 8: 1107-17. https://doi.org/10.2741/1131.
  • Billack B., Monteiro A.N. BRCA1 in breast and ovarian cancer predisposition. Cancer Lett. 2005; 227(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.006.
  • Chakraborty G., Armenia J., Mazzu Y.Z., Nandakumar S., Stopsack K.H., Atiq M.O., Komura K., Jehane L., Hirani R., Chadalavada K., Yoshikawa Y., Khan N.A., Chen Y., Abida W., Mucci L.A., Lee G.M., Nanjangud G.J., Kantoff P.W. Signifcance of BRCA2 and RB1 Co-loss in Aggressive Prostate Cancer Progression. Clin Cancer Res. 2020; 26(8): 2047-64. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-1570.
  • Rudkin T.M., Foulkes W.D. BRCA2: breaks, mistakes and failed separations. Trends Mol Med. 2005; 11(4): 145-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2005.02.003.
  • Tavtigian S.V., Simard J., Rommens J., Couch F., Shattuck-Eidens D., Neuhausen S., Merajver S., Thorlacius S., Offt K., Stoppa-Lyonnet D., Belanger C., Bell R., Berry S., Bogden R., Chen Q., Davis T., Dumont M., Frye C., Hattier T., Jammulapati S., Janecki T., Jiang P., Kehrer R., Leblanc J.F., Mitchell J.T., McArthur-Morrison J., Nguyen K., Peng Y., Samson C., Schroeder M., Snyder S.C., Steele L., Stringfellow M., Stroup C., Swedlund B., Swense J., Teng D., Thomas A., Tran T., Tranchant M., Weaver-Feldhaus J., Wong A.K., Shizuya H., Eyfjord J.E., CannonAlbright L., Tranchant M., Labrie F., Skolnick M.H., Weber B., Kamb A., Goldgar D.E. The complete BRCA2 gene and mutations in chromosome 13q-linked kindreds. Nat Genet. 1996; 12(3): 333-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0396-333.
  • Mesman R.L.S., Calléja F.M.G.R., Hendriks G., Morolli B., Misovic B., Devilee P., van Asperen C.J., Vrieling H., Vreeswijk M.P.G. The functional impact of variants of uncertain signifcance in BRCA2. Genet Med. 2019; 21(2): 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-018-0052-2.
  • Junejo N.N., AlKhateeb S.S. BRCA2 gene mutation and prostate cancer risk. Comprehensive review and update. Saudi Med J. 2020; 41(1): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.1.24759.
  • Kuang S., Li H., Feng J., Xu S., Le Y. Correlation of BRCA2 gene mutation and prognosis as well as variant genes in invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Biomark. 2019; 25(2): 203-12. https://doi.org/10.3233/CBM-182379.
  • Kojic M., Yang H., Kostrub C.F., Pavletich N.P., Holloman W.K. The BRCA2-interacting protein DSS1 is vital for DNA repair, recombination, and genome stability in Ustilago maydis. Mol Cell. 2003; 12(4): 1043-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00367-8.
  • Daniels M.J., Wang Y., Lee M., Venkitaraman A.R. Abnormal cytokinesis in cells defcient in the breast cancer susceptibility protein BRCA2. Science. 2004; 306(5697): 876-9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102574.
  • Hahn S.A., Greenhalf B., Ellis I., Sina-Frey M., Rieder H., Korte B., Gerdes B., Kress R., Ziegler A., Raeburn J.A., Campra D., Grützmann R., Rehder H., Rothmund M., Schmiegel W., Neoptolemos J.P., Bartsch D.K. BRCA2 germline mutations in familial pancreatic carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003; 95(3): 214-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/95.3.214.
  • Lubinski J., Phelan C.M., Ghadirian P., Lynch H.T., Garber J., Weber B., Tung N., Horsman D., Isaacs C., Monteiro A.N., Sun P., Narod S.A. Cancer variation associated with the position of the mutation in the BRCA2 gene. Fam Cancer. 2004; 3(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:FAME.0000026816.32400.45.
  • Prat J., Ribé A., Gallardo A. Hereditary ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol. 2005; 36(8): 861-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2005.06.006.
  • Nakonechny Q.B., Gilks C.B. Ovarian Cancer in Hereditary Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes. Surg Pathol Clin. 2016; 9(2): 189-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.path.2016.01.003.
  • Pharoah P.D., Ponder B.A. The genetics of ovarian cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2002; 16(4): 449-68. https://doi.org/10.1053/beog.2002.0296.
  • Paul A., Paul S. The breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA) in breast and ovarian cancers. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2014; 19(4): 605-18. https://doi.org/10.2741/4230.
  • Antoniou A., Pharoah P.D., Narod S., Risch H.A., Eyfjord J.E., Hopper J.L., Loman N., Olsson H., Johannsson O., Borg A., Pasini B., Radice P., Manoukian S., Eccles D.M., Tang N., Olah E., Anton-Culver H., Warner E., Lubinski J., Gronwald J., Gorski B., Tulinius H., Thorlacius S., Eerola H., Nevanlinna H., Syrjäkoski K., Kallioniemi O.P., Thompson D., Evans C., Peto J., Lalloo F., Evans D.G., Easton D.F. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case Series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2003; 72(5): 1117-30. https://doi.org/10.1086/375033. Erratum in: Am J Hum Genet. 2003; 73(3): 709.
  • Russo A., Calò V., Bruno L., Rizzo S., Bazan V., Di Fede G. Hereditary ovarian cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2009; 69(1): 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.06.003.
  • Wang G., Zhao D., Spring D.J., DePinho R.A. Genetics and biology of prostate cancer. Genes Dev. 2018; 32(17-18): 1105-40. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.315739.118.
  • Sokolova A.O., Cheng H.H. Genetic Testing in Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2020; 22(1): 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-0863-6.
  • Schatten H. Brief Overview of Prostate Cancer Statistics, Grading, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018; 1095: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_1.
  • Liede A., Karlan B.Y., Narod S.A. Cancer risks for male carriers of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: a review of the literature. J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22(4): 735-42. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.05.055.
  • Ibrahim M., Yadav S., Ogunleye F., Zakalik D. Male BRCA mutation carriers: clinical characteristics and cancer spectrum. BMC Cancer. 2018; 18(1): 179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4098-y.
  • Gayther S.A., de Foy K.A., Harrington P., Pharoah P., Dunsmuir W.D., Edwards S.M., Gillett C., Ardern-Jones A., Dearnaley D.P., Easton D.F., Ford D., Shearer R.J., Kirby R.S., Dowe A.L., Kelly J., Stratton M.R., Ponder B.A., Barnes D., Eeles R.A. The frequency of germ-line mutations in the breast cancer predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in familial prostate cancer. The Cancer Research Campaign/ British Prostate Group United Kingdom Familial Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators. Cancer Res. 2000; 60(16): 4513-8. Erratum in: Cancer Res 2000; 60(24): 7185.
  • Nyberg T., Frost D., Barrowdale D., Evans D.G., Bancroft E., Adlard J., Ahmed M., Barwell J., Brady A.F., Brewer C., Cook J., Davidson R., Donaldson A., Eason J., Gregory H., Henderson A., Izatt L., Kennedy M.J., Miller C., Morrison P.J., Murray A., Ong K.R., Porteous M., Pottinger C., Rogers M.T., Side L., Snape K., Walker L., Tischkowitz M., Eeles R., Easton D.F., Antoniou A.C. Prostate Cancer Risks for Male BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: A Prospective Cohort Study. Eur Urol. 2020; 77(1): 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2019.08.025.
  • Eccles D.M. Hereditary cancer: guidelines in clinical practice. Breast and ovarian cancer genetics. Ann Oncol. 2004; 15(4): 133-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdh917.
  • Lee A., Moon B.I., Kim T.H. BRCA1/BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant Breast Cancer: Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Ann Lab Med. 2020; 40(2): 114-21. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2020.40.2.114.
  • Yoshida R. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC): review of its molecular characteristics, screening, treatment, and prognosis. Breast Cancer. 2021; 28(6): 1167-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-020-01148-2.
  • Gandaglia G., Leni R., Bray F., Fleshner N., Freedland S.J., Kibel A., Stattin P., Van Poppel H., La Vecchia C. Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol. 2021; 4(6): 877-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euo.2021.09.006.
  • Orban T.I., Olah E. Emerging roles of BRCA1 alternative splicing. Mol Pathol. 2003; 56(4): 191-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.56.4.191.
  • Sun D., Cao M., Li H., Ren J., Shi J., Li N., Chen W. Risk of prostate cancer in men with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021; 24(1): 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-00268-2.
  • Králíčková M., Laganà A.S., Ghezzi F., Vetvicka V. Endometriosis and risk of ovarian cancer: what do we know? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020; 301(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05358-8.
  • Menon U., Karpinskyj C., Gentry-Maharaj A. Ovarian Cancer Prevention and Screening. Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 131(5): 909-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002580.
  • Gupta K.K., Gupta V.K., Naumann R.W. Ovarian cancer: screening and future directions. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2019; 29(1): 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2018-000016.
  • Buys S.S., Partridge E., Black A., Johnson C.C., Lamerato L., Isaacs C., Reding D.J., Greenlee R.T., Yokochi L.A., Kessel B., Crawford E.D., Church T.R., Andriole G.L., Weissfeld J.L., Fouad M.N., Chia D., O’Brien B., Ragard L.R., Clapp J.D., Rathmell J.M., Riley T.L., Hartge P., Pinsky P.F., Zhu C.S., Izmirlian G., Kramer B.S., Miller A.B., Xu J.L., Prorok P.C., Gohagan J.K., Berg C.D.; PLCO Project Team. Efect of screening on ovarian cancer mortality: the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2011; 305(22): 2295-303. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.766.
  • Jacobs I.J., Menon U., Ryan A., Gentry-Maharaj A., Burnell M., Kalsi J.K., Amso N.N., Apostolidou S., Benjamin E., Cruickshank D., Crump D.N., Davies S.K., Dawnay A., Dobbs S., Fletcher G., Ford J., Godfrey K., Gunu R., Habib M., Hallett R., Herod J., Jenkins H., Karpinskyj C., Leeson S., Lewis S.J., Liston W.R., Lopes A., Mould T., Murdoch J., Oram D., Rabideau D.J., Reynolds K., Scott I., Seif M.W., Sharma A., Singh N., Taylor J., Warburton F., Widschwendter M., Williamson K., Woolas R., Fallowfeld L., McGuire A.J., Campbell S., Parmar M., Skates S.J. Ovarian cancer screening and mortality in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016; 387(10022): 945-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01224-6. Erratum in: Lancet. 2016; 387(10022): 944.
  • Catalona W.J. Prostate Cancer Screening. Med Clin North Am. 2018; 102(2): 199-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.11.001.
  • Dunn M.W. Prostate Cancer Screening. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2017; 33(2): 156-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2017.02.003.
  • Dochez V., Caillon H., Vaucel E., Dimet J., Winer N., Ducarme G. Biomarkers and algorithms for diagnosis of ovarian cancer: CA125, HE4, RMI and ROMA, a review. J Ovarian Res. 2019; 12(1): 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-019-0503-7.
  • Lahlou N., Brun J.L. [Ovarian tumor markers of presumed benign ovarian tumors]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2013; 42(8): 752-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.030.
  • Dunton C.J., Hutchcraft M.L., Bullock R.G., Northrop L.E., Ueland F.R. Salvaging Detection of Early-Stage Ovarian Malignancies When CA125 Is Not Informative. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021; 11(8): 1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081440.
  • El-Deiry W.S., Goldberg R.M., Lenz H.J., Shields A.F., Gibney G.T., Tan A.R., Brown J., Eisenberg B., Heath E.I., Phuphanich S., Kim E., Brenner A.J., Marshall J.L. The current state of molecular testing in the treatment of patients with solid tumors, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019; 69(4): 305-43. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21560.
  • Haunschild C.E., Tewari K.S. The current landscape of molecular profling in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2021; 160(1): 333-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.09.043.
  • Ali A.T. Towards Prevention of Ovarian Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2018; 18(6): 522-37. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568009618666180102103008.
  • Boyle P., Maisonneuve P., Autier P. Update on cancer control in women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2000; 70(2): 263-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)00298-8.
  • Temkin S.M., Bergstrom J., Samimi G., Minasian L. Ovarian Cancer Prevention in High-risk Women. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 60(4): 738-57. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000318.
  • Yamauchi H., Takei J. Management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2018; 23(1): 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-017-1208-9.
  • Schüler S., Ponnath M., Engel J., Ortmann O. Ovarian epithelial tumors and reproductive factors: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013; 287(6): 1187-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2784-1.
  • Nelson W.G., de Marzo A.M., Lippman S.M. Prostate cancer prevention. Can Chemopre. 2005; 185-203.
  • Ballon-Landa E., Parsons J.K. Nutrition, physical activity, and lifestyle factors in prostate cancer prevention. Curr Opin Urol. 2018; 28(1): 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0000000000000460.
  • Rebello R.J., Oing C., Knudsen K.E., Loeb S., Johnson D.C., Reiter R.E., Gillessen S., Van der Kwast T., Bristow R.G. Prostate cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021; 7(1): 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-00243-0.
  • Taylor R.A., Fraser M., Rebello R.J., Boutros P.C., Murphy D.G., Bristow R.G., Risbridger G.P. The influence of BRCA2 mutation on localized prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2019; 16(5): 281-90. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-019-0164-8.
  • Borja Menéndez D.A., Borja Menéndez K.A., Sánchez Núñez J.E., de la Santis García Velandria F.A. [Treatment of prostate cancer using high-intensity focused ultrasound, literature review]. Arch Esp Urol. 2021; 74(9): 815-20.
  • Zimmer A.S., Gillard M., Lipkowitz S., Lee J.M. Update on PARP Inhibitors in Breast Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2018; 19(5): 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-018-0540-2.
  • Ruiz de Porras V., Font A., Aytes A. Chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Current scenario and future perspectives. Cancer Lett. 2021; 523: 162-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.033.
  • Xu G.P., Zhao Q., Wang D., Xie W.Y., Zhang L.J., Zhou H., Chen S.Z., Wu L.F. The association between BRCA1 gene polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2018; 9(9): 8681-94. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.24064.
  • Wang S.S., Maurer M.J., Morton L.M., Habermann T.M., Davis S., Cozen W., Lynch C.F., Severson R.K., Rothman N., Chanock S.J., Hartge P., Cerhan J.R. Polymorphisms in DNA repair and one-carbon metabolism genes and overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Leukemia. 2009; 23(3): 596-602. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2008.240.
  • Solano A.R., Aceto G.M., Delettieres D., Veschi S., Neuman M.I., Alonso E., Chialina S., Chacón R.D., Renato M.C., Podestá E.J. BRCA1 And BRCA2 analysis of Argentinean breast/ovarian cancer patients selected for age and family history highlights a role for novel mutations of putative south-American origin. Springerplus. 2012; 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-1-20.
  • Ledwoń J.K., Hennig E.E., Maryan N., Goryca K., Nowakowska D., Niwińska A., Ostrowski J. Common low-penetrance risk variants associated with breast cancer in Polish women. BMC Cancer. 2013; 13: 510. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-510.
  • Wang S.S., Maurer M.J., Morton L.M., Habermann T.M., Davis S., Cozen W., Lynch C.F., Severson R.K., Rothman N., Chanock S.J., Hartge P., Cerhan J.R. Polymorphisms in DNA repair and one-carbon metabolism genes and overall survival in difuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Leukemia. 2009; 23(3): 596-602. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2008.240.
Еще
Статья научная
SciUp 2024 © 2024 ©