Soil pollution at hydrocarbon migrations in the karst areas

The issues of oil migration in the karst region and the consequences of soil pollution to determine the sources and extent of hydrocarbon inflows are considered. On the basis of a field survey of the territory, sampling of soils in the water protection zone of the Kama reservoir in the area of Zuyat village, soil samples were taken. Sampling was carried out on a uniform randomly ordered grid measuring 0.1 x 0.1 km. Inside each grid cell, a key (trial) site was selected, which is located in places with the most characteristic terrain conditions. A total of 30 test sites with a size of 10x10 m were allocated. Office and statistical processing of soil data, laboratory research results, and geobotanical collections was carried out. As a result, a geoinformation database was developed containing data on the state of the soil cover of the study area. On its basis, cartograms of the contents of polluting chemicals in the soil were compiled. The main pollution of land by oil products occurs along the coastline of the bay and in the area of the karst funnel, located 30 m from the border of the water body. The reservoir and karst cavities on land can be considered as secondary sources of pollution. The constant flow of hydrocarbons indicates the predominance of deep sources of oil migration.