Structural-physical model of a satellite radio channel with absorption and scintillation of waves in the ionosphere

The structural and physical model of the satellite radio channel taking into account the absorption and scintillation of the wave in the ionosphere is developed on the basis of the complex model of changes of the electron concentration in the inhomogeneous ionosphere. It is presented as a combination of a thick homogeneous layer and a thin layer of irregularities characterized by the average value of the total electron content of the ionosphere and the standard deviation of its small-scale fluctuations, as well as a thin layer in which electrons collide with ions and neutral molecules. The advantage of the developed model in comparison with the known model is the ability to determine the total electron content of the ionosphere and its statistical characteristics by passive monitoring using a double-frequency receiver of satellite radio navigation systems GPS/GLONASS. Based on the description of the radio waves propagation through the inhomogeneous ionosphere and using methods of constructing multipath models and methods of describing the wave diffraction on the irregularities of the ionosphere, analytical dependences of the received signal power, as well as regular and fluctuation components of the transmission coefficient of the transionospheric channel on the carrier frequency of the transmitted signals, statistical characteristics of the fluctuations of the total electron content of the ionosphere and the average effective frequency of the collision of electrons are established.