Comparative assessment of ecological plasticity of grain varieties in the conditions of the Orel region

As you know, spring barley and winter triticale are the most important agricultural grain crops of great national economic importance. It is very important to assess regularly the genetic resources of agricultural crops and identify promising genotypes as a starting material for the creation of new varieties. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to study the ecological plasticity of grain varieties in the conditions of the Central Black Earth region (on the example of the Orel region). Field experiments were laid in the crop rotation of LLC "Avangard-Agro-Orel " of the agricultural enterprise "Verkhovskoye-1" in 2019-2021. The plants were grown on plots of 25 m2 in fourfold repetition. The method of placing experimental plots is systematic. The object of the research was 10 varieties of spring barley and 10 varieties of winter triticale. The results of the conducted studies showed that the grain yield of the studied varieties of spring barley and winter triticale varied significantly over the years due to the pronounced influence of weather conditions on the production process of plants. It is shown that among the studied genotypes of spring barley, the varieties Khadzhibej (3.1 t/ha) and Suzdalec (3.0 t/ha) differed in the maximum yield on average over the years of the research. The spring barley varieties Gris (bi) = 1.17 and Khadzhibej (bi) = 1.15 were characterized by the greatest ecological plasticity, and variety Leon (S2d) was 4.73 according to the stability coefficient. It was found that among the studied genotypes of the winter triticale, the maximum yield on average over the years of the research differed in the varieties - Donslav (4.6 t/ha) and Cornet (4.5 t/ha). The winter triticale Actek and Tit varieties were characterized by the greatest ecological plasticity (bi = 1.27 and 1.23, respectively), and according to the stability coefficient (S2d) was Doktrina 110 variety (S2d = 5.83). The selected varieties are recommended for use in breeding as a valuable genetic material in the creation of new generation varieties adapted to the conditions of the Central Black Earth region.