Climate change and sustainable agriculture. Рубрика в журнале - Региональные проблемы
Agroforestry biotechnology for sustainable agriculture on marginal lands
Статья научная
The dramatic increase in the global population combined with rapid industrialization in developing countries has placed great strains on global food and energy supplies. The UN-FAO estimated that the world population will exceed 9.7 billion in 2050. If we use energy and food at the present rate, we will need more than 3.5-times the current energy supply and 1.7-times the current food supply in 2050. To cope with these global crises in food and energy supply as well as environmental problems, the development of new eco-friendly industrial plant varieties for growth on marginal lands is urgently needed to ensure sustainable development. Plant biotechnology can be used as a tool to maximize plant productivity by introducing stress tolerance genes and metabolic genes responsible for increasing yield and improving functions. In the presentation, recent results on transgenic plants (sweetpotato, alfalfa and poplar) with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses are introduced. Sweetpotato represents an attractive crop that can be used to help solve the global food and environmental problems as an industrial bioreactor. Alfalfa is one of important legume forage crops on the global marginal lands. Poplar trees provide raw materials, help maintain biodiversity, protect land and water resources, and help mitigate the effect of climate change on global marginal lands.
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Статья научная
This study was conducted to evaluate the carbon sequestration potentiality of different land use systems in the Northern part of Bangladesh. Common land use systems like cropland, roadside, homestead and orchard were used. Data were recorded from both tree growth parameters (height and diameter at breast height) and under storied vegetation (herbs, shrubs and crops) in order to estimate the total land use biomass accumulation. Complete measure of 40 m line transects in cropland, 40×5 m quadrant in roadside, 40×40 m quadrant in both orchard and homestead were used. At every sampling point, under stories biomass sample were taken from 1×1 m quadrant. The results showed that there was significant difference of carbon sequestration potentiality of different land use systems. For the main effect of different land use systems on carbon sequestration, there was significantly difference in respect of tree height (m), dbh (cm), carbon sequestration per tree (t ha-1) and total carbon sequestration by the land use systems (t ha-1)...
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Статья научная
Haors are large bowl shaped floodplain depressions and one of the most important agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh. However, rice production in this area has been severely impacted by recent events of frequent early flashfloods. Many experts have linked the changes of flooding time and duration in haor area to global climate change. Farmers need short duration, relatively tall, lodging tolerance and non-shattering rice varieties to cope with the flashflood. With this contrast, this study is conducted in Tahirpur and Biswambarpur upazila of Sunamganj district to examine occurrence time and duration of flashflood; identify flashflood coping crop production practices; and finally investigate relationship between socio-economic characteristics of farmers and their flashflood coping crop production practices. Hence, this study utilizes a set of approaches viz. structured questionnaire survey, key informants interview with stakeholders and focus group discussions to get primary data and secondary data also collects to conceptualize the problems...
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Global warming, climate change and its threats to sustainable agriculture
Статья научная
Global warming, climate change and environmental degradation constitute the biggest threat to human civilization. Temperature measurement records on land and sea, shrinking polar ice sheets, recession in mountain glaciers, rise in sea level and ocean acidification are manifestation of global temperature increase, estimated at 0.8-1.0°C since 1880. The present day global warming is generally considered a consequence of the accumulation in atmosphere of greenhouse gases, notably CO2, which result from burning of hydrocarbons in industry, power generation, vehicles and domestic use. Global warming would result in melting of glaciers and polar icecaps, unpredictable weather patterns, natural disasters (e.g., floods), disruption of existing communication systems and infrastructure, health issues, sea level rise and unmanageable threat to coastal regions. It can trigger the vicious circle of food insecurity, human migration and conflicts. Climate change can cause unpredictable changes in weather patterns, erosion of soil, desertification of cultivable land, disruption of existing irrigation systems, and reduction of tropical forest cover...
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Role of weather modification technology in climate change adaptation: Indonesian case
Статья научная
Climate change has caused unexpected weather and extreme climate which induces increase both frequency and scale of intensity of hydro-meteorological disasters. As a maritime continent and lies at the equator, Indonesia became one of the most affected countries by climate change. The event of El Nino in 2015 which costed up to 0.2% of GDP became a very typical case related to extreme climates. Instead of farmers are blessed by fertility due to surroundings seasonal regular periodicity and ring-of-fire, the seasonal period shows a shift in rainfall and drought periods in the last 60 years. It thus affects the cropping pattern and damage the soil fertility. In an effort to handle prolonged drought and its effect on forest and land fire prevention, the so-called rain making of Weather Modification Technology (WMT) is conducted. Basically, the cloud atmospheric intervention is stimulated by sodium particles, the process of which is left naturally. The use of WMT for other purpose is to intervene in potentially heavy rain and water shed recharge. Activities of WMT are being introduced to accommodate the adaptation of climate change process. Several examples of WMT successful delivery are presented.
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