Production and biological characteristics of agricultural culture depending on the elements of agricultural equipment

In scientific and industrial plantations in the Orel region, a comparative study of two systems for the formation and pruning fruit plantations of Venyaminovsk variety apple tree on a rootstock 54-118 with the introduction of four different rates of mineral fertilizers for increasing early maturity, productivity and efficiency of cultivation of intensive garden agrocenoses of the modern type was carried out. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and generally recognized proven methods used in the scientific research with fruit crops. The main research results were obtained using field and laboratory observations, statistical and analysis of variance. Mathematical processing of long-term data was carried out using modern computer programs. The conducted research showed that in the Venyaminovsk variety on a semi-dwarf (medium-sized) rootstock 54-118, during the third year after the garden was laid with unbranched annual seedlings, the first flowering and fruiting were noted. During the seventh year, the yield of this variety was more than 215 c / ha. With the introduction of a triple norm of fertilizers N90 K120 - once every three years, regardless of the formation of a spindle-shaped and improved longline crown, the yield of the Venyaminovsk variety was more than 25 t / ha. The originality of the research lies in the development and implementation of promising agrotechnical measures to improve the technology for the production of high quality fruit products. A comprehensive study of modern systems for the formation and further pruning of fruit plantations with the additional introduction of various rates of mineral fertilizers is the main factor in increasing productivity and an integral part of the technology for cultivating unsupported apple orchards using semi-dwarf (medium-sized) rootstocks.