Professional development and retraining of teachers of Kazan province and the TASSR in 1918 - 1928

After the October Revolution the educational network in Russia, as well as in Kazan, grew very fast. Teachers' professional development was vital. This article covers that process on the territory of Kazan province and the TASSR during 1918 - 1928. Special attention is given to the state system of teachers' professional development courses, which included short-term courses, year long courses and three-year courses. The last ones were finally reorganized into teacher training colleges. In addition, the analysis of educational level of teachers presented in the article confirms the necessity of qualification of teachers' professional development.