Models of errors at the pre-design stage of the development of information and computing systems components

The paper gives an overview of approaches to the study of errors in specifications to requirements, identifies the system-forming factors of errors of the pre-design stage, proposes a cognitive map of the errors of the pre-design stage, and analyzes its adequacy. The importance of the further development of the construction of formal models of processes during the implementation of which errors occur is noted. It was established that the known archetype “growth limits” can be associated with the processes of preventing defects in the specifications of the external appearance, which implies that there is a limit to the ability to prevent defects, due to both the uncertainty of the problem situation and the competence of the developers of the requirements. Using a set of structural models of the pre-design stage of processes of the development of information and computing systems components, it was shown that defects in the specifications of the external appearance are caused by both the features of cognitive models of the subjects involved in the formation of requirements and the organization of the formation of requirements.