Long-winding forests near the city of Permy and their structure

The formation of a 180-year-old pine stand is considered on the basis of alignment of chains of interaction between trees. Approximately 30% of the area interaction is weakened, and even small gaps are formed there. They are much less adolescent and undergrowth, and such places appeared more than 50 years ago. The reasons for the appearance of such "empty" places are natural, and they have to be clarified, attracting geobotanical, soil and geophysical methods of investigation.