Efficiency of using labour and production potentials in cultivating grain and oil-crop cultures

Nowadays the most important priorities of the agrarian policy of the Russian Federation are to increase the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production and ensuring the country's food security. In this regard, there is an objective need to conduct scientific research, economic monitoring and evaluation of the development of the crop industry in the context of factors and priorities that ensure its cost-effective functioning in the modern conditions. The following article presents an analysis of dynamic changes in gross yields, sown area and yields of grain and oilseed crops for 2010-2021 based on general scientific, traditional and econometric research methods, The structural content of the crop production potential of the federal districts and individual regions of the Russian Federation is analyzed. A ranked series of distribution of economic entities of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in terms of grain production per capita has been constructed. The profitability indicators of certain types of grain and oilseeds have been calculated and evaluated, and an increase in the efficiency of the development of the crop production industry in the Orel region was stated. It is concluded that the increase in grain production provides an increase in its use for fodder purposes, processing, the formation of stocks and an increase in exports, and also contributes to improving the efficiency of the development of the agricultural sector, ensuring the integrated development of rural areas, the formation of a single economic space, equalizing the living conditions of the rural population and increase its income. Special attention is focused on the priorities that ensure profitable agricultural production - reducing direct costs by increasing the level of labor productivity, reducing labor intensity, rational use of working resources, reducing losses and to the optimal material and technical support of the economic entities.