Anthecological features and seed production of Galeopsis speciosa Mill. and G. ladanum L. (Lamiaceae) in the Urals

Anthecological features and seed production of Galeopsis speciosa Mill. and G. ladanum L. {Lamiaceae) and seed germination of G. ladanum were studied. Observations were made in the forest-steppe Zauralie and Perm Krai. Flowers of studied species are homogamous, with high level of pollen fertility. In all years of observations (2007-2017) weather was different, but seed production always was high. The main type of pollination is self-pollination (autogamy). Isolation of generative shoots resulted in successful seed formation. Cross pollination also is possible. 2017 summer was characterized with rainy weather and the activity of insects-pollinators was lower, that year seed production also was lower, despite self-pollinations. Seed germination of G. ladanum for seeds obtained after free pollination and isolation was nearly similar.