Статьи журнала - Природные системы и ресурсы

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8-оксо-2’-дезоксигуанозин - биомаркер, сигнальная молекула, потенциальный фармацевтический агент

8-оксо-2’-дезоксигуанозин - биомаркер, сигнальная молекула, потенциальный фармацевтический агент

Мармий Наталья Владимировна, Есипов Дмитрий Станиславович

Статья научная

Исследование посвящено 8-Оксо-2’-дезоксигуанозину (8-oxo-dG), который используется в качестве биомаркера окислительного повреждения ДНК и сопряженных с ним заболеваний. В основе исследования лежит выдвинутая авторами гипотеза о способности 8-oxo-dG, являющегося «главным» продуктом окисления ДНК, выступать в роли сигнальной молекулы, активирующей устойчивость клеток к неспецифическому стрессу и репарацию ДНК. Помимо изучения молекулярных механизмов действия 8-oxo-dG, авторами проводилось исследование вызываемых им эффектов на организменном уровне.

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Drug addiction. Drugs and their effects on man

Drug addiction. Drugs and their effects on man

Bocharova Inna Anatolevna, Agadzhanov Vadim Rubenovich, Sagalaev Vadim Alexandrovich

Статья научная

Some modern problems of drug addiction are represented in the article in generalized and brief form. There is an attempt to revile the peculiarities of most spread drugs, it is noted the link of certain drugs and criminal behaviour, the peculiarities of the drug developed dependence is underlined, the scheme of different drug addict groups and personal typology is showed, some social problems are mentioned, contemporary narcotic situation in Russia and it's dynamic for last decades is done, peculiarities in Volgograd region is reviled.

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Efficiency of biofeedback therapy in complex treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients

Efficiency of biofeedback therapy in complex treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients

Grekhov Rostislav Aleksandrovich, Suleymanova Galina Pavlovna, Kharchenko Svetlana Aleksandrovna, Ramkhelawon Manoo Bhupendrasingh

Статья научная

Biofeedback is the process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological functions primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will. In this work, the analysis of efficiency of biofeedback therapy in treatment of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is carried out. This analysis was fulfilled by studying the dynamics of clinical, laboratory and psychological (level of subjective control) indices and their comparison in patients of main and control groups before and after the treatment. During the course of combined therapy alongside biofeedback therapy, an increase in analgesic and anti-inflammatory reactions, improved functional capabilities and an improved sign in the formation of personal positive traits were noticed in the patients. Thus, the additional use of biofeedback mechanism in complex treatment of RA patients promotes increased efficiency of medical and rehabilitation process and improvement of level of self-control in the patients.

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Genetic description of soil cuts along the horizons of characteristic zones of the territory of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline

Genetic description of soil cuts along the horizons of characteristic zones of the territory of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline

Mustafayev Mustafa G., Djebrailova Gyulnara G., Mustafayev Farid M.

Статья научная

The majority of the soil cuts in the research on such scale didn’t fall on the zone where BTC oil pipeline passes. On the other hand, a lot of changes occurred in the soils and in a degree of subsoil water mineralization for a long time (secondary salinizatoion of soils, rising of the subsoil water level, increase of their mineralization, change of eco-bio-morphogenediagnostic signs, etc.).

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Histological and hormonal study of the protective effect of the Calotropis procera against the toxicity of mercury chloride

Histological and hormonal study of the protective effect of the Calotropis procera against the toxicity of mercury chloride

Belfarhi Leila, Chouba Ibtissem, Amri Naziha, Boukris Nadia, Tahraoui Abdelkrim

Статья научная

We undertook this study with the aim of investigating the detoxification of an extreme toxic metalmercury chloride by the Calotropis procera plant taken from the Algerian Sahara. We studied the protective effectsof the plant Calotropis procera against renal toxicity and Mercury chloride-induced hepatic. Ten male and femalealbino rats Wistar were divided into four equal groups. Group (I) served as a healthy control group, group (II) wereintra-peritoneal administered with 10 ml of Calotropis procera, group (III) were intra-peritoneal administrated withboth 10 ml of the plant Calotropis procera and 0.2 mg of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and group (IV) were intra-peritoneal administrated with both 0.2 mg of mercuric chlorid (HgCl2) and 10 ml of the plant Calotropis. All groupswere treated for 20 days. Mercury chloride causes a slight increase in glomerular cellularitis in the kidneys of maleand female rats. Treatment with Calotropis procera had significantly improving protective effects of kidney offemale rats from toxicity of mercuric chloride. Calotropis procera causes a thyroid-like appearance in the glomeruliof the male kidneys to hide the lesions of mercury chloride. Our results have shown that the plant Calotropisprocera completely protects the liver of female rats against the toxicity of mercury chloride. In the liver of male rats,mercury chloride causes macro-vacuolar steatosis. Treatment with Calotrpois procera hid the hepatic steatosis ofmale rats and centralized them in the center under the aspect of peri-centro-lobular medio-vacuolar steatosis.Mercuric chloride caused a decrease in the secretion of the hormone ACTH in the group of male and female rats.Treatment with Calotropis procera caused increased ACTH levels in female rats and did not cause ACTH changesin male rats. Our results demonstrate from hormone analyzes of the hormone ACTH that female rats are resistantmore than male rats via the toxicity of mercury chloride.

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Impact of a combination of different technological factors on the effectiveness of the processes of ripping and obtaining in vivo caviar

Impact of a combination of different technological factors on the effectiveness of the processes of ripping and obtaining in vivo caviar

Sariev Bekbol T., Tumenov Arthur N., Akhmetova Asel K., Bakiyev Serik S., Dzhunusov Ahmediyar M.

Статья научная

The objects of the study are the broodstocks of the siberian (Acipenser baerii) and Russiansturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and hybrids of rolek (Russian x Lena sturgeon),bester (beluga x sterlet), sturgeon caviar, pools for sturgeon fish producers, closed water supply installations,temperature regime for sturgeon rearing in conditions of installations with a closed water supply cycle. The purposeof the study is to improve the processing of sturgeon caviar obtained in vivo. The intravital method of obtainingsturgeon caviar compared to the traditional method allows saving the broodstock for subsequent reproduction. Onthe basis of the literature analysis, the influence of a combination of the main technological factors (temperature,hardener and de-sticking conditions) affecting the efficiency of maturation and production of intravital sturgeoncaviar has been studied. The positive results of pre-spawning aging of sturgeon producers when grown undercontrolled conditions are obtained. The authors establish the temperature regime of pre-spawning aging of producers,which contributes to the effective maturation of intravital caviar. The parameters of the preservation of technologicalfactors upon receipt of marketable sturgeon caviar were determined. The main technological factor for obtainingintravital caviar is the temperature regime of pre-spawning aging (temperature regime of artificial wintering) ofproducers. The studied individuals of sturgeon were tagged with special chips for identification and effective workin determining the stage of maturity and the subsequent production of caviar in vivo. The scope of applying theresearch results: fishery enterprises, research institutes of fisheries, small and medium-sized businesses, fishfarmers.

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KPI государственного управления безопасностью в техносфере на примере охраны атмосферного воздуха

KPI государственного управления безопасностью в техносфере на примере охраны атмосферного воздуха

Зализняк Елена Алексеевна, Иванцова Елена Анатольевна, Зализняк Екатерина Романовна

Статья научная

Ограниченность природного капитала и масштабы антропогенного воздействия на все компоненты среды привели к тому, что современное общество живет «в долг» по отношению к природной среде. Экспертами отмечаются высокие позиции угроз социально-экономического развития, вызванные загрязнением атмосферного воздуха. В России, несмотря на имеющиеся данные и показатели, отражающие динамику антропогенного воздействия на природную среду, до последнего времени ощущается дефицит данных и индикаторов по экологизации экономики, характеризующих эффективность государственного регулирования в части охраны окружающей среды. В статье рассмотрены современные тенденции в сфере экологической политики России в период 2012-2018 гг. Определены основные изменения природоохранного законодательства. Проведен аналитический обзор основополагающих документов экологической политики в части охраны атмосферного воздуха. На первом этапе был проведен сравнительный анализ целей, задач и индикаторов, на втором этапе была дана оценка достижения плановых показателей, предложены направления их корректировки. Поставленные, в основополагающих документах экологической политики государства, задачи и результаты достижения ключевых показателей могут быть «мерой» результативности государственного регулирования в рассматриваемой сфере.

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On changes in human body condition during the performance in personal protect clothes at the air temperature of 10°C and 50°C

On changes in human body condition during the performance in personal protect clothes at the air temperature of 10°C and 50°C

Agadzhanov Vadim Rubenovich

Статья научная

The investigation with volunteers as subjects who performed a short-term hard exercise (at power 50-70 W) in the insulated protect clothes at the air temperature of 10 °C and 50 °C was carried out. There were determined shifts of acid-alkali balance in the arterial and venous blood as indexes of PH, carbonic gas (PCO2) and oxygen (P02) tensions, plasma hydrogen-carbonate content (HC03~), alkali (BE) and hemoglobin (Hb) contents and blood oxygen saturation (SAT). The degree and characteristics of such changes were revealed. The distinct acid-alkali disbalance induced by respiratory and metabolic changes at the air temperature of 10 °C was measured. At the air temperature of 50 °C along with the recorded changes there were observed PH shift in blood and impairment of oxygen uptake by the tissues.

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Peculiarities of the woody plants re-bloom

Peculiarities of the woody plants re-bloom

Opalko Olga Anatolievna, Opalko Anatoly Ivanovich

Статья научная

The data of literary sources concerning the bloom of angiosperm plants and deviation in the development of a flower and inflorescence, in particular untimely flowering, was generalized; our observation results of some peculiarities of re-bloom of woody plants in the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of NAS of Ukraine (NDP "Sofiyivka") were discussed. The flowering process was formed during a long-term evolution of a propagation system of angiosperm plants as a basis of fertilization and further fruit and seed development. As a result of vernalization and photoperiodism reactions, flowering (under regular conditions) occurs in the most favorable period for pollination and fertilization of every plant. However, various deviations, in particular, the untimely (most frequently double, sometimes three- and four-fold) flowering occurs in this perfect process of generative organ formation of angiosperm plants. An increased number of reports about re-bloom (at the end of summer - at the beginning of fall) of the representatives of various woody plant species whose flowers usually blossom in May-June prompts the analysis of the available information concerning the mechanisms of flowering and the causes which lead to deviation of flowering processes. Flowering of the woody plant representatives of the collection fund of the NDP "Sofiyivka" was studied; statistics about re-bloom in different cities of Ukraine were monitored. The classification of re-bloom facts was carried out according to V.L. Vitkovskiy (1984). Although this classification has mostly a stated nature, it was good enough when being formulated and, with certain conditions, it can be applied nowadays. Accordingly, using this classification, abnormal cases can include facts of early summer-fall flowering and early winter flowering. A late spring flowering can be adaptive response of damaged plants to exogenous stresses, due to which the probability of sexual propagation remains. Early spring-early summer flowering is a dual-natured category which, under certain conditions, may have adaptive meaning and facilitate seminal propagation. Most cases of untimely flowering registered in NDP "Sofiyivka" represent a group of early summer-fall flowering, in some cases late spring flowering occurred though. Secondary flowering is usually connected with meteorological peculiarities of the year. Most frequently it is seen in very dry years, first of all, after hot and dry spring. The rebloom can have an adaptive nature in case of development seeds with full germination, moreover the immature germs of underdeveloped seeds formed from the flowers of early summer-fall flowering can be used in breeding programs.

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Statistical analysis of operational reliability of hydraulic structures

Statistical analysis of operational reliability of hydraulic structures

Rustamov Yasin Ismail, Hasanov Sabir Tehrankhan

Статья научная

In the paper, according to actual operation of pump units it was determined that operattion period of to their failure corresponds to Weibull distribution. In periods between failures, conditionally the pump units were considered as unrepairable. Therefore, not the availability factor and operation period between failures that are the complex reliability indices characterizing reliability of a pump station but probability of continuous operation and mean value of continuous operation time were calculated. The role of continuously loaded resource in reliability increase of the system was determined. The report was executed by the mathematical software program package “Derive - 6”.

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Structuring and electric conductivity of polymer composites pyrolysed at high temperatures

Structuring and electric conductivity of polymer composites pyrolysed at high temperatures

Aneli Jimsher N., Natriashvili Tamaz M., Zaikov Gennadiy Efremovich

Статья научная

The new conductive monolithic materials have been created on the basis of phenolformaldehyde mixtures and epoxy resins at the presence of some silicon organic compounds and fiber glasses annealed in vacuum and hydrogen media. The conductive, magnetic and some other properties of these materials were investigated. It is proved experimentally that the obtained products are characterized by semi-conductive properties, the level of conductivity and conductive type of which, are regulated by the selection of technological methods. The density and mobility of carriers can be increased by increasing the annealing temperature up to definite levels. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and charge mobility are described by Mott formulas. The magnetic properties of the annealed materials are investigated by ESR method. It is established that in the annealing process free radicals and other paramagnetic centers are formed. On the basis of obtained results it is proposed to form the conducting clusters for transporting the charge between them.

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The representatives of Amelanchier Medik. Genus in Ukraine

The representatives of Amelanchier Medik. Genus in Ukraine

Opalko Anatoly Ivanovich, Andriyenko Olena Dmytrivna, Opalko Olga Anatolyevna

Статья научная

The information on fruit and decorative value, honey and medicinal properties of the genus Amelanchier Medik. is generalized. Their biological characteristics, chemical composition and palatability traits of the fruit, the ways of consumption and processing, including drying, preparing juices, syrups, jams, candied fruit jellies, confiture, and fruit wine are specified. Environmental adaptability and effectiveness of using Juneberry for phytomelioration are mentioned. Several versions of the origin of the genus Amelanchier name and interpretation of its specific epithets are described. Controversial issues of the genus Amelanchier system were discussed from the classical and molecular genetic approaches. Attention is focused on two main aspects of views on the place of the genus Amelanchier representatives of the family Rosaceae Juss. within the particular subfamily, namely the subfamily Pyroideae Burnett (Maloideae S. Weber) or the subfamily Amygdaloideae Arn., which indicates the necessity for further comparative morphological and molecular genetic studies of the family Rosaceae. The directions of evolution, habitat and invasive ability of some species of the genus Amelanchier are characterised. The list of the genus Amelanchier representatives cultivated in Ukraine is given.

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Theory of geoinformatic mapping of erosive geomorphological systems

Theory of geoinformatic mapping of erosive geomorphological systems

Rulev Aleksandr Sergeevich, Yuferev Valeriy Grigoryevich

Статья научная

The geoinformatic mapping of erosion geomorphologic systems is based on both traditional methods of cartographic representation of information and specific opportunities of computer mapping complexes, including those for analytical processing of data of different types. The study of the characteristics of the erosion geomorphological systems is carried out with the use of aerial and satellite imagery and is based on the results of their geomorphological, geobotanical, soil reclamation, erosion and other surveys. Spatially distributed input data of landscape model should be set as raster electronic maps that characterize relief, soil cover, type of agriculture, vegetation on the catchment area, as well as, morphometry and hydraulic resistance of the channel and floodplain, and also as a set of the attributes describing their characteristics. The use of digital model of relief (DMR) while geoinformatic mapping provides the determination of both planning characteristics of the relief and profile ones, including the values of slope angles, inclination, expositions, slopes configuration, etc. As the result of the modelling, the digital maps of flow, outwash and accumulation, and table data defining the process of flow, outwash and water turbidity, as well as, their final values with the use of large-scale topographic and soil maps, and space imaging of high resolution, are developed.

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Use of the regularities of within-field variability of arable soil fertility in precision agrotechnologies

Use of the regularities of within-field variability of arable soil fertility in precision agrotechnologies

Afanasyev Rafail Aleksandrovich

Статья научная

The paper states regularities of the within-field variation of soil fertility which are important for variable rate fertilizer application under conditions of precision agrotechnologies inclusive the technologies limiting agroeconomic efficiency. As is well known the usual (traditional) fertilizer practice stipulates their application taking into account averaged indices of soil fertility: mobile plant food elements (N, P, K etc.) content in the plow layer. At the same time a part of the plants gets excess of mineral nutrition, and other part - its deficiency. That results in shortage of agricultural products, its deterioration and also the pollution of the environment and the soil with the excesses of agrochemicals in overfertilized plots. In the last decades traditional technologies give place to high-precision agrotechnologies with differentiated fertilizer application taking into account within-field heterogeneity of soil fertility. There are several constraints for widespread adoption of high-precision agrotechnologies inclusive an underestimation of the character of within-field variability of soil quality. Our investigations reveal eight regularities of the within-field variation of agrochemical indices, which characterize soil fertility in arable soils. These regularities would allow more seriously estimate the efficiency of variable rate fertilizer application under conditions of precision agrotechnologies.

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«ООПТ-фантомы» юга европейской России: проблемы функционирования

«ООПТ-фантомы» юга европейской России: проблемы функционирования

Солодовников Денис Анатольевич, Шинкаренко Станислав Сергеевич, Семенова Диана Александровна, Шилова Наталья Владимировна

Статья научная

На примере ООПТ регионального значения Волгоградской области «Охраняемый ландшафт “Свиридовские озера”» рассмотрены проблемы функционирования ООПТ в условиях деградации природного комплекса. Предложено понятие «ООПТ-фантом» - охраняемая природная территория, не способная выполнять природоохранных задач по причине коренного изменения природных условий и утраты компонентов биоты, ради охраны которых и создавалась ООПТ. Рассматриваемая ООПТ расположена в пойме реки Чир, правого притока Дона. По причине климатических изменений в бассейне Дона в последние два десятилетия существует устойчивый тренд на уменьшение количества зимних осадков, и как следствие - уменьшение высоты половодий. Влаголюбивые ландшафты пойм ксерофитизируются, а многие озера перестают заполняться водой. Проанализированы гидрологические и гидрогеологические условия существования поймы Чира. За все время существования ООПТ (с 2009 года) озера заполнялись водой лишь дважды. Охраняемый ландшафт организован для охраны скоплений околоводных птиц, в том числе и видов, внесенных в Красную книгу. Но при отсутствии озер эти виды птиц обитать здесь не могут. Возвращение озер в первоначальное состояние ежегодного заполнения водой в половодье возможно только при существенном изменении количества и внутригодового распределения осадков. Можно констатировать полную утрату охраняемым ландшафтом «Свиридовские озера» функции сохранения богатой фауны околоводных птиц, в том числе и включенных в Красную книгу. Однако задача использования территории охраняемого ландшафта в научно-исследовательских и эколого-просветительских целях выполнима. При организации регулярного мониторинга ООПТ может служить хорошим примером сукцессионных изменений пойменных ландшафтов Донского бассейна в условиях меняющегося климата и гидрологических условий.

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Агроэкологическое значение защитных лесных насаждений в Нижнем Поволжье

Агроэкологическое значение защитных лесных насаждений в Нижнем Поволжье

Иванцова Елена Анатольевна

Статья научная

Установлена положительная роль защитных лесных насаждений в поддержании стабильности биотических сообществ и обеспечении стабилизации фитосанитарной обстановки в агролесоландшафтах степной и полупустынной зон Нижнего Поволжья. Анализ многолетних данных свидетельствует о том, что в целом численность вредного комплекса на полях озимой пшеницы и горчицы сарептской в системе лесных полос ниже, чем в открытых агроценозах в среднем на 20,6 % и 16,2 % соответственно. Отмечены закономерности распределения вредных и полезных насекомых в зерновых и горчичных агроценозах. Полученные данные по распределению вредных насекомых и их концентрации в облесенном поле дают основание включить в систему защитных мероприятий краевые обработки агроценозов лесоаграрного ландшафта. Установлено, что наличие полезащитных лесных полос в Волгоградской области создает благоприятные условия для развития и накопления энтомофагов на полях, что приводит к ограничению массового размножения вредителей и уменьшению их вредоносности. Выявлены существенные различия в распространении и развитии болезней в лесозащищенных агроценозах и необлесенных полях. Максимальные значения развития комплекса болезней на озимой пшенице наблюдаются в прилегающих к лесным полосам зонах (I и III), минимальное - в середине поля, средневзвешенные значения развития болезней по облесенному полю меньше, а в некоторых случаях незначительно отличаются от данных в необлесенном поле.

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Адаптационный потенциал индивидов с различным уровнем общей неспецифической реактивности организма в условиях стандартной средовой нагрузки

Адаптационный потенциал индивидов с различным уровнем общей неспецифической реактивности организма в условиях стандартной средовой нагрузки

Шатыр Ю.А., Мулик А.Б., Постнова М.В., Назаров Н.О.

Статья научная

Представлены результаты сравнительных исследований адаптационного потенциала студентов, характеризующихся различным уровнем общей неспецифической реактивности организма. Определена специфика развития показателей вариационной пульсометрии и электроэнцефалографии в условиях плановой сдачи зачетов и экзаменов.

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Адаптивно-ландшафтный подход к рекультивации деградированных урбанизированных территорий Нижнего Поволжья

Адаптивно-ландшафтный подход к рекультивации деградированных урбанизированных территорий Нижнего Поволжья

Анопин Владимир Николаевич

Статья научная

Рассмотрены вопросы изучения процессов деградации геосистем в результате антропогенного воздействия на урбанизированные территории. Дано обоснование ландшафтного подхода к выполнению разработок по их рекультивации. Предложены принципы проектирования зеленых и защитных лесных насаждений в урболандшафтах.

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Активная неадаптивность как фактор психологической защищенности личности

Активная неадаптивность как фактор психологической защищенности личности

Раймова Е.Г.

Статья научная

В предлагаемой статье рассматриваются нетривиальные аспекты психологической защищенности личности. Поисковая активность, создание новых ситуаций, жизнь на границе - так личность отстаивает свою целостность перед лицом неопределенности.

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Актуальность оценки качества производителей рыб в современных условиях

Актуальность оценки качества производителей рыб в современных условиях

Залепухин В.В.

Статья научная

В условиях искусственного воспроизводства рыб большое значение приобретает оценка качества производителей и состояние маточных стад. Приводятся выводы собственных исследований по разработке концепции эндогенной разнокачественности в указанных целях. Биологические и физиолого-биохимические показатели производителей, икры и молоди связаны между собой с помощью методов статистического, корреляционного и регрессионного анализа.

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