Эмоциональный отклик клинициста на пациентов с суицидальным риском: обзор литературы

Эмоциональный отклик клинициста на пациентов с суицидальным риском: обзор литературы

Автор: Веспа Элисон, Галыткер Игорь, Чистопольская Ксения Анатольевна

Журнал: Суицидология @suicidology

Статья в выпуске: 1 (42) т.12, 2021 года.

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Суицид - серьёзная проблема здравоохранения, которая занимает десятую строку среди ведущих причин смерти в США и ежегодно забирает в этой стране свыше 48 тысяч жизней. Во всём мире в 2016 году ежегодное количество смертей от суицида достигло 817 тысяч, а количество суицидальных попыток во всём мире достигает 25 миллионов каждый год. Хотя такие ошеломляющие показатели побуждают учёных и клиницистов искать предикторы и создавать диагностические инструменты, наша способность определять индивидов с высоким риском суицида и предсказывать возникновение суицидальных мыслей и действий (СМД) улучшилась незначительно, как и наша способность предсказывать, когда произойдёт суицидальное поведение. Соответственно, остаётся актуальной необходимость в улучшении краткосрочной оценки и превенции СМД, а также в создании и валидизации клинических инструментов в помощь этим задачам. Один из путей, которым идут попытки превенции, - это учёт ситуации в системе здравоохранения, точнее, непосредственно реакции специалистов в сфере психического здоровья. В самом деле, клиническое суждение остаётся одним из самых надёжных инструментов установления суицидального риска среди пациентов, поскольку ведущие признаки, симптомы и предшествующие события суицидального поведения всё ещё трудно определять. В этой статье мы исследуем тему клинического контрпереноса как потенциального индикатора СМД пациента: начнём с истории контрпереноса, продолжим разбирать этот феномен в психологическом ключе, исследуем разные типы контрпереноса, переживаемые клиницистами (позитивный, негативный, смешанный). Мы утверждаем, что присутствие смешанного ответа может стать подсказкой для суицидального поведения пациента в будущем. В то время как исследования в этой сфере ещё только зарождаются, данные наблюдения вызывают оптимизм, поскольку дальнейшие усилия можно направить на осознание таких ответов для предотвращения самоубийств.

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Суицид, превенция суицида, контрперенос, клиническое суждение, психотерапевтический альянс, maris

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140257623

IDR: 140257623   |   DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.21-12-01(42)-47-63

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