Статьи журнала - Человек. Спорт. Медицина
Все статьи: 2280
Статья научная
Цель исследования - изучение и анализ гемодинамических показателей спортивного сердца как маркеров адаптации к нагрузкам аэробной и анаэробной направленности у квалифицированных спортсменов. Материалы и методы. Применялись: соматоскопия (оценка физического развития), ультразвуковая ЭХО-допплеркардиография (измерение морфометрических и гемодинамических показателей сердца спортсменов), тест Купера (оценка уровня общей работоспособности), тест «Бег 300 метров» (оценка уровня специальной работоспособности и емкости гликолитической системы при нагрузках анаэробной направленности). Результаты. Рассматривается вариант изменения трансмитрального кровотока в виде «Супернормального» типа в период диастолы при адаптации сердца к физическим нагрузкам аэробной и анаэробной направленности, с учетом метаболизма мышечной деятельности и морфофункциональных показателей сердца в виде нормальной геометрии параметров левого желудочка. Определены взаимосвязи между результатами беговых тестов, морфометрическими и гемодинамическими показателями сердца у мужчин 18-29 лет, занимающихся и не занимающихся спортом. Заключение. Гемодинамические показатели трансмитрального кровотока отражают состояние адаптированности сердца квалифицированных спортсменов к аэробным и анаэробным нагрузкам. При этом морфометрические показатели сердца должны соответствовать физиологическим нормам.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Aim. Research aim was to reveal the subjective opinions of Physical Education teachers and students in higher grades on the realities of modern Physical Education classes. Material and Methods. The sample included Physical Education teachers (n = 33) and 10-11th grade students (n = 324) who were selected applying the convenience sampling strategy from Kaunas city schools. The research employed a questionnaire by Pate, Corbin & Pangrazi (1998), and some more questions of interest to the researchers were added. Results. According to the survey data, students' opinions on the given question mostly differed from teachers' notion. However, the statistical analysis of the obtained data suggested that there is a certain tendency which may be considered in Physical Education lesson planning. Conclusions. Physical Education teachers tend to subjectively better assess the modern realities of the Physical Education classes than students. In particular, it refers to the satisfaction of students, diversity of content, modern teacher personality traits and school disciplinary measures for students. However, an observed trend implies the improvement of evaluation criteria corresponding to modern lesson recommendations.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
В течение 30 лет наблюдали репрезентативные выборки из когорт здоровых мужчин (ЗД) - 134 чел., страдающих изолированной гипертонической болезнью (ГБ) II ст. (Г, 142 чел.), перенесших Q-инфаркт миокарда (Q-ИМ) 6 мес. и более тому назад (И, 141 чел.), сочетанием ГБ и перенесенным инфарктом миокарда (ИМ) (ИГ, 128 чел.). В течение 30 лет получены полные сведения о 545 чел. Кумулятивная 30-летняя общая смертность в когортах ЗД, Г, И, ИГ составила 74,6; 71,8; 92,2 и 80,5 %. Общая смертность в когорте И была достоверно выше по сравнению с другими, при этом данный показатель в когортах ЗД, Г, ИГ не различался (р
Бесплатно
Статья научная
В 4 когортах (здоровые (ЗД) - 134, с гипертонической болезнью (Г) - 142, с инфарктом миокарда (И) - 141, сочетанием Г и И - 128 чел.) мужчин г. Челябинска в исходном возрасте 40-59 лет кумулятивная 30-летняя выживаемость составила 24,4; 28,2; 7,8 и 19,5 % соответственно. Не выявлено различий функции выживаемости (ФВ) в когортах ЗД - Г, а также И - ИГ. На вероятность 30-летнего выживания отрицательное влияние оказывает перенесенный И. Показатели ФВ в когортах ИГ - И не различались. Г также не оказала значимого влияния на кумулятивную 30-летнюю выживаемость по сравнению со здоровыми.
Бесплатно
A protocol for customization of protective mouth guards for athletes undergoing strenuous exercise
Статья научная
Aim: to develop a protocol for customization of protective mouth guards for athletes undergoing strenuous exercise and to provide substantiation for the protocol being developed. Materials and methods. We analyzed clinical data and findings obtained from a dynamic follow-up of 50 light heavyweight (74-87 kg) males (age range 25-44). The participants were divided into 2 groups based on the method used for fabricating protective mouth guards. In the first group, the protective mouth guard was fabricated using a vacuum-forming technique with the mandible being in the centric occlusion. In the second group, a custom vacuum formed protective mouth guard was used and the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles and the position of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were evaluated. Results. We evaluated the efficacy of protective mouth guards in athletes of the first group and found a reduction in the bioelectrical activity of masticatory muscles with insignificant variations. In the athletes of the second group, the function of the masticatory and temporal muscles was balanced, the muscle electrical activity was stabilized and muscular synchrony was achieved after mouth guard wear. Conclusion. A protocol for customization of protective mouth guards for athletes undergoing strenuous exercise was developed. Our findings show that wearing custom-made mouth guards during strenuous exercise plays a role in regulating bioelectrical activity and maintaining the synchrony of masticatory muscles which is confirmed by electromyography (EMG) of masticatory and temporal muscles and computed tomography of the TMJ.
Бесплатно
Adaptation of the healthism attitude scale to turkey: a validity and reliability study
Статья научная
Aim. The aim of this study is to adapt the Attitude Towards Healthism Scale developed by Alfrey et al. (2019) to Turkish culture. Materials and methods. In order to adapt the Attitude Towards Healthism Scale, 173 male and 124 female university students participated in the study. In the research, after the translation of the scale into Turkish, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Results. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the total explained variance was 40.462 % and factor loads varied between 0.38 and 0.69. It has been recorded χ2/sd (2.018), GFI (0.932), CFI (0.96), AGFI (0.906), NFI (0.897), IFI (0.941), RMSEA (0.059), according to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusion. According to the results of this research, the Attitude Towards Healthism Scale is concluded to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish culture.
Бесплатно
Age peculiarities of knee functionality and physical performance in elderly women
Статья научная
Aim. The aim of this study is to learn the effect of the age on degenerative knee joint disease and physical capability of elderly women. Materials and methods. Three groups of relatively healthy elderly women (G1 - 60-64 years (n = 34), G2 - 65-69 years (n = 31) and G3 - 70-74 years (n = 18)) participated in the study. The functional status of the knee joint (pain, limitation of motion, physical functionality) was estimated with the help of WOMAC index. Physical performance in women was studied with the help of three functional tests. Pain in the knee joint before and after the tests was assessed with the help of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Statistical data were processed with the help of Statistica 10 and IBM SPSS22. Results. Pain and stiffness in the knee joint in elderly women increased significantly with age while physical functionality decreased (p
Бесплатно
An orthopedic chair with the active sitting function (a prospective project)
Статья научная
Aim: this study is aimed at developing the design of an orthopedic chair for persons with musculoskeletal disorders, which will meet the requirements of ergonomics and have the active sitting function. Materials and methods. The study involves the methods of patent search, the analysis of publications and market analysis, which allowed to create a prototype of the chair. The Xsens 3D motion tracking system was used to provide a comparative analysis of postural data during sitting in a standard office chair and in a prototype of the orthopedic chair. Results. A prototype of the chair was made of composite fiber materials using additive technologies. Xsens data showed that there were significant differences in postural data obtained in a standard office chair and in an orthopedic one. The data obtained allowed to develop technical requirements for at least 3 sizes of the chair with the active sitting function and integrated rotation mechanism. These data will be used for the product, which takes into account anthropometric features of children and adults. Conclusion. Our prototype contributes to the improvement of sitting posture due to the anatomical form of the chair seat, chair height adjustment mechanism and active sitting function, which prevents users from sitting incorrectly and strengthens postural muscles.
Бесплатно
Anesthetic management for surgery of children with brain tumors: systematic review
Статья научная
Aim. Based on publications dedicated to anesthetic management for surgery of children with brain neoplasms we aimed to reveal and summarize the specific features of anesthesia of such patients. Materials and Methods. We performed a systematic review and processed the information from Russian and foreign literature published in 2001-2016. The analysis included patients younger than 18 who had undergone surgical procedures due to brain tumor. Results. The conducted analysis allowed us to classify surgical interventions into three main categories (shunt surgery, open surgery, neuroendoscopy) and to determine category-specific features of anesthetic management. The analysis results also made it possible to describe the algorithms of preoperative preparation, recovery stage, and early postoperative period for anesthesiologist. Conclusion. The review has shown that brain tumor surgery is one of the most complicated operations requiring a well-coordinated teamwork. Anesthesiologist has not only to be especially well-trained and skilled, but to cooperate closely with neurosurgeon, which may be even more critical. Psychological, ethical, and professional aspects of such cooperation are a subject of further detailed research.
Бесплатно
Association of mental toughness with competitive success of young female basketball players
Статья научная
Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mental toughness and competitive performance of young female basketball players. Materials and methods. The sample of 38 female basketball players who were under 16 years old and played for the four best-ranked basketball clubs in the highest league of Serbia was recruited. Their mental toughness was evaluated via mental toughness questionnaire (MTQ48) and their performance index rating was evaluated by their season statistics obtained from the official web page of the Serbian Basketball Association. Results. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association of performance index rating with mental toughness and its constituents such as control and confidence. Conclusion. Regression analysis reinforced the notion of association of performance index rating and mental toughness, further reflecting in significant differences in mental toughness between those who performed low, medium and high in performance index rating.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Aim. The study is aimed to analyze the interplay among the static, dynamic and overall physical balance score with anthropometric determinants and psychosocial indices in relation to effects of the yoga intervention. Materials and Methods. The participants comprised 266 female seniors in age 65+ (mean: 76.9 SD ± 7.23), divided in experimental and control groups, participating voluntarily in the research procedure. For data collection diagnostic methods “Medical anamnesis”, “Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool”, “Health Survey SF-36” were applied. For statistics multivariate regression with reduction of dimensionality and orthogonal projection to latent structure and repeated ANOVA were used. Results. Before intervention the correlation analysis “Orthogonal projections to latent structures” proved that anthropometric predictors had a significantly positive impact on balance abilities in monitored female seniors, p
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Aim. The purpose of the study is to identify, examine, and compare body composition status among Lebanese university students based on gender and specialization.
Бесплатно
Changes in exercise regime affected by teaching the module healthy lifestyle
Статья научная
Aim. The aim of the study was to extend the knowledge about the impact of applied selected components of “Healthy Lifestyle” teaching module, during the Physical and sport education lessons, to the changes in the exercise regime of high school pupils. Materials and Methods. Experimental selection (ES) consisted of pupils of comprehensive studies (eight-year grammar school) (n = 23 pupils), control selection (CS) of pupils of comprehensive studies (four years grammar school (n = 26 pupils). Participants were pupils (age = 15.5 ± 0.5 years old), multiplicity of each sex was following ES = 17 boys, 6 girls; CS = 16 boys, 33 girls. Pedagogical experiment was realized at High school in city Nováky and lasted from 28.4.2017 to 27.6.2017. To obtain the necessary data we used non-standardised anonymous questionnaire, which consisted of accompanying text, information about the intention, personal data (body height, body weight, sex, age, and health problems), questions about healthy life style and volume of physical activity in pupils regime. Questionnaire was distributed and filled out in the whole research group (ES, CS) before and after the experiment. Obtained data were assessed by Chi-Square test of good correlation at 1 % and 5 % level of statistical significance. Results. Application of an experimental agent in the form of a specific educational program, compiled of selected components showed that a short period of theoretical impetus has proven to be satisfactory, by increasing number of high school pupils with the dominating frequency of physical activity and changes in the amount of movement in their exercise regime. Both in boys and girls, we found statistically significant difference between knowledge about importance of physical activity and its realisation in daily regime (girls input/output; Chi = 20.96/16.96 p ≤ 0.01; boys input/output Chi = 7.88 p ≤ 0.05/12.71 p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion. The study has presented findings from the field of applied selected components in content standard of teaching module “Healthy Lifestyle” during the Physical and Sports education lessons to the changes in exercise regime of high school pupils.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Aim. The paper aims to increase physical working capacity through intensive muscle training in normobaric hypoxia. Materials and methods. The training programs included 15 cycles of a 3-hour stay of volunteers in a normobaric hypoxic chamber, where they performed physical activity on an exercise bike and a treadmill. The power was set at 70-100 W with a duration of 120-140 min with several breaks. Participants of the main group (14 males aged 19-23 years) were subjected to training under low (up to 16-17 %) oxygen concentration conditions in the gas environment. In the control group (10 people of the same age), hypoxic conditions were simulated. Physical working capacity was controlled by the Ruffier test and bicycle ergometer test to anaerobic threshold, as well as the breath-holding test. Results. Essential increase of physical working capacity was established only in the main group, and positive tendencies in all functional tests remained in remote supervision. Conclusion. Consequently, the method based on a rational combination of physical and normobaric hypoxic training can be considered as an effective and safe means of increasing the physical working capacity of a person engaged in intensive muscle training.
Бесплатно
